10.8 Review: Urbanization and Land Conservation

​Review

​suburbanization = the outward expansion of urban centers into the surrounding residential areas and occurs alongside urbanization.

​Impacts of Urbanization and Suburbanization

​Impacts:

​Urban sprawl = the spreading of urban developments on undeveloped land near a city

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a major environmental issue associated with both urbanization and suburbanization?

• habitat destruction and loss of biodiversity

• decreased air pollution due to increased vegetation

• lower energy consumption per capita due to urban expansion

• increased groundwater recharge from reduced impervious surfaces

Multiple Choice

Which transportation-related issue is commonly associated with urban sprawl?

• Increased use of bicycles and walking

• Reduced dependence on private vehicles

• Longer commute times and higher traffic congestion

• More efficient public transportation systems

​Zoning = the type of land-use regulation in which land is designated for specific uses
Examples: residential, commercial, industrial, recreational, agricultural

Multiple Choice

What role do zoning regulations play in land use planning?

• They encourage uncontrolled construction.

• They restrict all forms of development.

• They only plan for roads and highways.

• They guide and regulate land use in specific areas.

Match

Match each land use zone with its correct example:

• Housing developments and apartment complexes

• Shopping malls and office buildings

• Factories and warehouses

• Central Park, NYC

Residential

Commercial

Industrial

Recreational

• Residential

• Commercial

• Industrial

• Recreational

​Urban renewal is a process in which older and often deteriorated urban areas undergo redevelopment and revitalization.

The primary goal of urban renewal is to improve the physical, economic, and social aspects of a city or a neighborhood.

This process typically involves:
- demolishing outdated or deteriorating buildings
- upgrading infrastructure
- creating new green spaces
- fostering economic development

​Urban Renewal

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes urban renewal?

• The process of increasing the number of residential buildings in rural areas.

• The demolition and reconstruction of outdated or decayed urban areas to improve infrastructure and living conditions.

• The creation of new green spaces and parks in suburban areas.

• The establishment of new industrial zones in the outskirts of cities.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an anthropogenic cause of habitat loss?

• Forest fires caused by lightning strikes

• Climate change resulting from natural weather patterns

• Deforestation due to logging and agriculture

• Volcanic eruptions destroying vegetation

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a natural cause of habitat loss?

• Urbanization and industrial development

• Deforestation for agriculture

• Wildfires caused by lightning strikes

• Pollution from human activities

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an ecological consequence of habitat destruction?

• Increased soil fertility
• Enhanced ecosystem stability
• Greater availability of natural resources
• Loss of biodiversity

Multiple Choice

Which of the following are benefits (+) and potential issues (-) associated with wildlife crossings?

• Benefits: Reduces animal deaths, facilitates genetic diversity.

  Issues: Expensive to build, may not be used by all species.

• Benefits: Increases human traffic flow, improves road safety for drivers.

  Issues: Animals may not adapt to crossings, leading to accidents.

• Benefits: Enhances urban development, increases wildlife population.

  Issues: Increased risk of disease transmission between species.

• Benefits: Reduces the cost of road maintenance, provides tourism opportunities.

  Issues: Can lead to overpopulation in protected areas

Multiple Choice

A coastal marsh is partially drained to build a new residential area. After construction, biologists observed that seagulls and raccoons are still thriving, while clapper rails (a type of marsh bird) and salt marsh harvest mice have nearly disappeared.

Based on this information, which of the following correctly identifies the generalist and specialist species?

• 
  Seagulls and raccoons are generalists

  clapper rails and salt marsh harvest mice are specialists.

• 
  Habitat loss affects all species equally, so there are no generalists or specialists in this scenario.

• All four species are specialists because they rely on specific food sources.

• 
  Clapper rails and salt marsh harvest mice are generalists

  seagulls and raccoons are specialists.

​Conservation biology is the scientific discipline that works to preserve biological diversity

Restoration ecology is a scientific discipline that focuses on fixing ecosystems that have been degraded, damaged, or destroyed.

Sustainable development is an approach to growth that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a key goal of habitat restoration?

• To return a damaged or degraded habitat to its original, natural state.

• To create new habitats where human development has occurred.

• To prevent the spread of invasive species by removing native plants.

• To introduce non-native species that may help improve the ecosystem.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of in situ conservation?

• Creating a seed bank for rare plant species

• Protecting a national park where endangered species live.
• Breeding endangered species in a zoo

• Planting endangered species in a botanical garden.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of ex situ conservation?

• Protecting a forest by creating a national park

• Establishing a wildlife reserve for endangered species

• Breeding endangered species in a zoo

• Restricting hunting in a protected area

Multiple Choice

Which of the following techniques involves planting trees to restore forest ecosystems?

• Wetland restoration

• Reforestation

• Invasive species management

• Soil remediation

Multiple Choice

What is a primary ecological benefit of habitat restoration?

• Boosting industrial development in natural habitats.

• Enhancing the functionality of ecosystems, such as nutrient cycling and pollination.

• Reducing species diversity by limiting native populations.

• Focusing on the removal of all predators.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an advantage (+) and a limitation (-) of establishing protected areas?

• Advantage: Provides safe habitats for wildlife, helping preserve biodiversity.

  Limitation: Only a small portion of land is protected, leaving other areas vulnerable.

• Advantage: Increases industrial development and urbanization.

  Limitation: Provides unlimited access to natural resources for local communities.

• Advantage: Creates more agricultural land by clearing protected areas.

  Limitation: Reduces climate stability and carbon storage.

• Advantage: Prevents any human interaction with nature.

  Limitation: Provides no benefits to water quality or biodiversity.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a limitation (-) of land-use planning and zoning?

• Requires significant resources for monitoring and enforcement.

• Developers and landowners always support zoning restrictions because they benefit from them.

• Land-use plans should remain completely rigid and never change, regardless of environmental or societal shifts.

• It can quickly and efficiently address new issues without any delays.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an advantage (+) of legislation and policy development?

• Provides guidelines and regulations for environmental protection.

• Encourages individuals and companies to ignore environmental standards.

• Focuses on immediate economic growth at the expense of environmental health.

• Undermines ecosystem and community health for short-term development projects.

Multiple Choice

What is the main responsibility of the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (DCNR)?

• To develop urban areas and commercial projects within state parks.

• To manage and preserve state parks and forests, while providing recreational opportunities.

• To enforce agricultural policies in rural areas.

• To oversee the construction of new highways through protected lands.

Multiple Choice

What is the main function of a conservation easement?

• To allow landowners to build commercial properties on protected land.

• To prevent development and preserve the ecological integrity of the land for future generations.

• To create private hunting reserves for landowners.

• To promote large-scale farming and agriculture on protected lands.

Poll

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