Texas High Biology EoC Review - Lewis

Multiple Choice

What are the 4 nitrogen bases?

• adenine, thymine, cytoplasm, and guanine
• adenine, thymine cytosine, and guanine
• adenine, thymine, cytosine, and gylcerol
• adenine, thymine, cytosine, and glucose

Multiple Choice

A cell wall...

• is very soft and flexible

• is very rigid, and supports the plant cell, giving it its shape

• is the part that is inside the plant's nucleus

Multiple Choice

What is the structure that contains DNA and directs the cell?

• endoplasmic reticulum

• central vacuole

• cell wall

• nucleus

Multiple Choice

What organelle is called the "powerhouse" of a cell?

• mitochondria

• nucleus

• cell wall

• cell membrane

Multiple Choice

This organelle controls what goes in and out of plant and animal cells.

• Cell Wall

• Cell Membrane

• Chloroplasts

• Cytoplasm

Multiple Choice

This organelle is a rigid outer layer that protects plant cells.

• Cell Membrane
• Cell Wall
• Nucleus
• Chloroplast 

Multiple Choice

The _____________ is a gel-like fluid that fills plant and animal cells. It holds the organelles in place and gives each cell its shape.

• Cytoplasm

• Cell Membrane

• Cell Wall

• Chloroplast

Multiple Choice

collect sunlight which it converts to sugars

• chloroplasts
• cytoplasm
• cell wall
• mitochondria

Multiple Choice

What is found on the outside of the rough er?

• vacuoles

• lysosomes

• ribosomes

• rough er

Multiple Choice

What is the large organelle filled with water that is found in plant cells?

• lysosome

• vacuoles

• central vacuole

• cell wall

Multiple Choice

this protects the nucleus

• nucleolus

• cell membrane

• cell wall

• nuclear membrane

Multiple Choice

collects, processes, and packages proteins for the cell

• mitochondria

• gogli apparatus

• smooth ER

• rough ER

Multiple Choice

Prokaryotes do NOT have....

• membrane bound organelles

• DNA or RNA

• Cell membrane

• Life

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a Prokaryotic cell?

• unicellular

• floating DNA

• very small

• complex

Multiple Choice

Why is the nucleus important? 

• It give the cell its energy
• It stores genetic information
• It uses sunlight for food
• It makes the proteins

Match

Match the following images to correct solution

Hypertonic

Isotonic

Hypotonic

• Hypertonic

• Isotonic

• Hypotonic

Match

Match the following transport image to the correct term

Simple diffusion

Facilitated Diffusion

Osmosis

• Simple diffusion

• Facilitated Diffusion

• Osmosis

Multiple Choice

Cell membranes are described as selectively permeable.

Four students were asked to explain what this means. Which one is correct?

• Student 1: Cell membranes prevent all materials from entering the cell.

• Student 2: Cell membranes only provide structural support for the cell.

• Student 3: Cell membranes regulate which substances can enter and exit the cell.

• Student 4: Cell membranes allow water and water-soluble substances to enter the cell.

Multiple Choice

The sodium potassium pump uses ATP to transport sodium and potassium across the cell membrane into or out of the cell. Which of the following terms is best associated with the sodium potassium pump? ​

• Passive Transport

• Active Transport

• Osmosis

• Facilitated Diffusion

Multiple Choice

In mitosis, the end product is...

• 2 haploid cells
• 2 diploid cells
• 4 haploid cells
• 4 diploid cells

Multiple Choice

The daughter cells in mitosis are...

• Identical
• Unique

Multiple Choice

In meiosis, the end product is...

• 2 haploid cells
• 2 diploid cells
• 4 haploid cells
• 4 diploid cells

Multiple Choice

Sperm and Egg cells are produced using which process?

• Mitosis
• Meiosis
• Binary Fission
• None of these

Multiple Choice

During which phase of the cell cycle does the cell spend the most time?

• Mitosis
• Cytokinesis
• Interphase
• S Phase

• Telophase

Multiple Choice

During which part of the cell cycle does the cell divide?

• Interphase
• M Phase

• S phase
• Anaphase

• Prophase

Multiple Choice

During which part of the cell cycle is DNA copied?

• G1

• S phase

• G2

• M Phase

• Mitosis

Multiple Choice

During which part of the cell cycle does the cell grow?

• G1

• S phase

• G2

• Mitosis

• M phase

Multiple Choice

Which phase of mitosis is shown in the picture?

• Prophase
• Anaphase
• Telophase
• Metaphase

Multiple Choice

What is the purpose of the cell cycle?

• To create new daughter cells
• To prevent cancer from developing
• To help the body fight viruses and bacteria
• To make the cell grow in size

Multiple Choice

Uncontrolled cell division which usually leads to tumors and disease is called:

• High cholesterol

• Blood clots

• Cancer

• Diabetes

Multiple Choice

What is the function of the STOMATA in plants?

• Allows water to enter the plant

• Provides food to enter the plant

• Allows for gas exchange

• Site of photosynthesis

Multiple Choice

Apical meristems can be found in

• leaves
• shoot
• xylem
• epidermal

Multiple Choice

what is the function of cuticle?

• protects the underlying tissues
• transport water
• transport mineral and nutrients
• reduce loss of water through transpiration

Multiple Choice

what is the function of xylem tissue?

• transports water and minerals salt 
• control the opening and closing of stoma
• carry out photosynthesis
• provide support for young plant

Multiple Choice

Why aren't viruses considered living things?

• They aren't made of cells

• They don't have DNA or RNA

• They make us sick

• They are made of protein

Explanation Slide...

VIruses are made of a protein capsule containing DNA or RNA. All living things are made of cells.

Match

Match the following pictures to their names:

Eukaryotic Cell

Prokaryotic Cell

Bacteriophage virus

Flu virus

• Eukaryotic Cell

• Prokaryotic Cell

• Bacteriophage virus

• Flu virus

Multiple Choice

What do bacteriophages infect?

• Plants

• Bacteria

• Animals

• Humans

Explanation Slide...

VIruses are specialized for which cells they infect. The bacteriophages can only infect bacteria, so they can't make us sick!

Multiple Choice

A virus that hides within the host cell for up to years is going through the _______ cycle.

• Lytic

• Lysogenic

Multiple Choice

A virus that goes through the ______ cycle will allow you to feel symptoms immediately due to the cells lysing.

• Lytic

• Lysogenic

Multiple Choice

Which biomolecules contains your genetic information?

• Proteins

• Lipids

• Carbohydrates

• Nucleic Acids

Multiple Choice

Which biomolecules act as stored energy storage for the cell and also cushions and insulates organs?

• Carbohyrdates

• Lipids

• Proteins

• Nucleic Acids

Multiple Choice

Which biomolecules provide quick energy for the cell?

• Carbohydrates

• Proteins

• Lipids

• Nucleic Acids

Multiple Choice

Which biomolecules transport oxygen and other substances and also form part of most organelles?

• Lipids

• Carbohydrates

• Proteins

• Nucleic Acids

Multiple Choice

Differences in traits such as hair texture are determined by differences in -

• the location of sugar groups in DNA

• the sequence of nucleotides in DNA

• the number of nitrogenous bases in DNA

• the molecules attached to the phosphate in DNA

Multiple Choice

In a Punnet Square, which letter is used to represent the dominant allele?

• Capital letter

• Lower-case letter

Multiple Choice

In a Punnet Square, which letter is used to represent the recessive allele?

• Capital letter

• Lower-case letter

Multiple Choice

The passing of traits from parent to offspring is called _____.

• heredity

• genetics

• DNA Replication

• photosynthesis

Multiple Choice

The branch of biology that focuses on heredity is called _______.

• genetics

• traits

• translation

• protein synthesis

Multiple Choice

Heterozygous is when...

• the alleles are the same
• the alleles are different
• the alleles are absent
• the alleles are present

Multiple Choice

In a heterozygous genotype, the ___________ allele takes over in the phenotype.

• recessive
• dominant
• lower case letter
• both 

Multiple Choice

T - tall and t = short
In the punnett square below, what belongs in the missing square

• tt
• Tt
• Bb
• TT

Multiple Choice

G = green, g = yellow
The genotype for a yellow plant is...

• GG
• Gg
• gg
• all of the choices result in yellow

Multiple Choice

B = brown fur  b = white fur
In the punnett square, what is the probability for white fur? 

• 0%
• 25%
• 50%
• 75%

Multiple Choice

Dominant alleles are represented by a:

• Male gene
• lowercase letter
• recessive trait
• capital letter

Multiple Choice

Aa, DD, bB, yy are all examples of

• genotypes
• phenotypes

Multiple Choice

What you see, or the physical appearance.

• Genotype
• Phenotype
• Homozygous
• Heterozygous

Multiple Choice

What is a homologous structure?

• having a body part that has no known function

• similar structures in more than one organism because they evolved from a common ancestor

• a structure that evolved to help an organism survive in their environment

• similar structures that evolved independently in two living organisms to serve the same purpose

Multiple Choice

What is a vestigial structure?

• having a body part that has no known function

• similar structures in more than one organism because they evolved from a common ancestor

• a structure that evolved to help an organism survive in their environment

• similar structures that evolved independently in two living organisms to serve the same purpose

Multiple Choice

What is an adaptive structure?

• having a body part that has no known function

• similar structures in more than one organism because they evolved from a common ancestor

• a structure that evolved to help an organism survive in their environment

• similar structures that evolved independently in two living organisms to serve the same purpose

Multiple Choice

What is an analogous structure?

• having a body part that has no known function

• similar structures in more than one organism because they evolved from a common ancestor

• a structure that evolved to help an organism survive in their environment

• similar structures that evolved independently in two living organisms to serve the same purpose

Multiple Choice

What evidence do similarities between fossil bones and modern organisms provide?

• species that face similar environmental pressure will develop similar traits.

• homologous structures are evidence that the two species are related or shared a common ancestor

• natural selection

• adaptive structures help organisms survive in their habitat

Multiple Choice

Using the Data Table 1, which organism is least related to rabbits?

• Fly
• Bat
• Tree
• Bacterium

Multiple Choice

 Using the cladogram to the right, flies are most closely related to:

• Beetles
• Wasps
• Butterflies
• Ants

Multiple Choice

Using the cladogram to the right, which organism(s) do not have jaws?

• Lancelet
• Leopard
• Turtle
• Tuna

Multiple Choice

These are living organisms that make the sun light’s energy into food. 

• Producers

• Consumer

Multiple Choice

These animals are usually herbivores because they eat the producers.

• Primary consumer

• secondary consumer

Multiple Choice

Plants are also called by this term because they make their own food.

• Predator

• Autotrophs

Multiple Choice

The efficiency of energy transfer from a lower trophic level to the next highest level is roughly

• 1%
• 10%
• 100%
• 1000%

Multiple Choice

Organisms with the most beneficial traits will survive.  This is commonly known as

• theory of evolution.
• variations.
• survival of the fittest.
• ecosystems.

Multiple Choice

Behavioral changes of individuals of a species that allow for better survival. (Acquired traits)

• Variation
• Adaptation
• Behavior
• Environment

Multiple Choice

Where the better adapted organisms survive to pass traits along to offspring.

• Evolution
• Natural Selection
• Extinction
• Artifical Selection

Multiple Choice

A population of rabbits grows rapidly from one year to the next. Then one year, a disease strikes approximately one fourth of the adult rabbits. The disease remains with the population in the years that follow.

As explained by Darwin’s theory, which of these conditions allows the rabbit population to evolve by natural selection?

• The disease affects adult and juvenile rabbits equally.

• The disease reduces the ability of the rabbits to reproduce.

• Some rabbits are resistant to the disease, and they pass the resistance to their offspring.

• No rabbits are resistant to the disease, and all die when the disease strikes them.

Multiple Choice

What is the most likely explanation of the data shown below?

• There has been a drought in the area that is affecting all life forms.

• The population of natural predators of the moths has gotten smaller.

• The moths are living in an environment with light trees.

• The moths are living in an environment with dark trees.