Lab Bio Ch. 7 Slides

Match

Match the following scientists to their contribution to the understanding of DNA structure:

• Discovered that the nitrogen bases of DNA always match up the same (A-T and C-G). Called this complementary base pairing

• Used x-ray crystallography to take Photograph 51, which was crucial to understanding that DNA was a double helix structure

• Given credit for discovering the structure of DNA- identified that hydrogen bonds hold the two strands together

Chargaff

Franklin

Watson and Crick

• Chargaff

• Franklin

• Watson and Crick

Multiple Choice

Which part of a DNA nucleotide is the full name of DNA based off of?

• the nitrogen bases

• the phosphate group

• the 5-carbon sugar

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a possible nitrogen bases found in DNA?

• thymine

• adenine

• guanine

• cytosine

• uracil

Multiple Choice

Genes are sequences of DNA that code for _______ that determines your traits.

• protein

• chromosomes

• glucose

• carbohydrates

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a criteria that all genes follow?

• must be able to store genetic info.

• must be easily copied

• must be able to mutate

• must be able to self-destruct and break down when needed

Multiple Choice

DNA is tightly coiled around histone proteins and neatly packaged into ______ so it can fit into a cell

• chromosomes

• genes

• ribosomes

• sister chromatids

Multiple Choice

This enzyme "unzips" the DNA strand during the first step of DNA replication:

• helicase

• DNA polymerase

• RNA polymerase

• primase

Multiple Choice

In addition to building new complementary strands, DNA polymerase also does this...

• unzips the original DNA

• builds a new RNA strand

• zips the original strand back up

• proofreads and makes edits if needed

Categorize

Options (8)

contains the sugar deoxyribose

contains the sugar ribose

double-stranded

single-stranded

contains the base thymine

contains the base uracil

kept safe in the nucleus

can travel throughout the cell

Organize the following options depending on whether they describe DNA or RNA:

DNA

RNA

Multiple Choice

This type of RNA carries a single amino acid to the ribosomes in order to build a protein:

• mRNA

• tRNA

• rRNA

Multiple Choice

This type of RNA carries a copy of the DNA instructions for building a protein:

• mRNA

• tRNA

• rRNA

Multiple Choice

During transcription, an mRNA strand is built, creating a disposable copy of the information found in DNA. The enzyme that builds this mRNA strand is called:

• primase

• helicase

• DNA polymerase

• RNA polymerase

Multiple Choice

During the "proofreading" of the mRNA made in transcription, ______ are sections of the mRNA strand that do not code for anything and are therefore cut out of the strand.

• genes

• introns

• exons

• codons

Multiple Choice

During translation, the mRNA strand is "read" by the rRNA (ribosomes). It is read three nucleotide bases at a time. Each of these sets of three nucleotides are called:

• anticodons

• codons

• introns

• exons

Multiple Choice

Codons are found on mRNA and anticodons are found on:

• ribosomes

• DNA

• rRNA

• tRNA

Multiple Choice

Each codon codes for one:

• nucleotide

• amino acid

• nucleic acid

• protein

Multiple Choice

True or False: A codon wheel is read from the outside, working your way in.

• True

• False

Reorder

Reorder the following to show the process of protein synthesis:

• DNA with instructions for what to make

• mRNA with codons

• rRNA (ribosome)

• tRNA with anticodons and amino acids)

• protein

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

Multiple Choice

These gene mutations cause the entire mRNA strand to be read differently and can have more extreme consequences to the organism:

• translocation mutations

• frameshift mutations

• substitution mutations

• point mutations

Multiple Choice

What type of chromosomal mutation is shown in the picture?

• inversion

• duplication

• deletion

• translocation

Multiple Choice

What type of chromosomal mutation in shown in the picture?

• inversion

• translocation

• deletion

• duplication

Multiple Choice

When a gene is turned "on" and the protein it codes for is being made, it is called:

• gene differentiation

• gene mutation

• gene regulation

• gene expression

Multiple Choice

Type of gene regulation that controls differentiation in cells as they develop:

• exon editing

• TATA box

• Hox genes

• teratoma