SSA - EARTH REVIEW (6-8th)

Multiple Choice

Why is understanding the rock cycle important for understanding Earth's surface changes?

• Because it explains how rocks are formed and transformed, which affects landscapes and ecosystems.

• Because it tells us about the weather only.

• Because it helps us predict earthquakes directly.

• Because it is only important for geologists.

Multiple Choice

Which type of rock results from melting and cooling of magma?

• Igneous
• Metamorphic
• Sedimentary
• Extrusive

Multiple Choice

Which type of rock forms from extreme heat and pressure?

• Igneous
• Sedimentary
• Organic
• Metamorphic

Multiple Choice

What is the MAIN way rocks are classified?

• Their color and shapes
• How they form
• Mineral bands
• Where they form

Multiple Choice

When sediments are pressed together tightly, this is called ____________.

• Compaction
• Cementation
• Weathering
• Erosion

Multiple Choice

This rock was found near the mouth of a volcano. What type of rock is this?

• Sedimentary
• Igneous
• Metamorphic

Multiple Choice

What are the 3 major types of rocks?

• Igneous, Metamorphic, Sedimentary
• Metamorphic, Igneous, Cementation
• Brown, Red, Gray
• Streak, Hardness, Breakage

Multiple Choice

Which type of rock is formed when sediments are pressed together?

• Igneous

• Sedimentary

• Metamorphic

• Obsidian

Multiple Choice

Wind/ice/gravity or water can rub one rock against another. As rocks collide, they break and become smaller. What type of weathering is this?

• Physical

• Chemical

Multiple Choice

Small lichens attach to rocks and put slight amounts of acid into the rock. Over time this decomposes the rock. What type of weathering is this?

• Physical

• Chemical

Multiple Choice

After heavy rains, there was a large land slide, large boulders tumbled with other boulders breaking rocks into smaller pieces as the debris slid down the hill. What type of weathering is this?

• Physical

• Chemical

Multiple Choice

A rock which is rich in iron ore is exposed to the air, over time it becomes red and starts to break down. What type of weathering is this? (rock having oxidation reaction with air).

• Physical

• Chemical

Multiple Choice

Water enters a small crack, freezes and expands. When it melts it contracts What type of weathering is this?

• Physical

• Chemical

Multiple Choice

Pollution rises up in the air, mixes with rain water turning it into acid rain What type of weathering is this?

• Physical

• Chemical

Multiple Select

Which of the following are examples of mechanical weathering?

• Ice expansion

• Root expansion

• Acid rain

• Oxidation

Multiple Choice

This process breaks down rocks into smaller pieces and/or changes

the chemical composition of the rock

• deposition

• erosion

• weathering

• climate change

Multiple Choice

This process drops sediment in a new location building up new landforms

• deposition

• weathering

• chemical weathering

• erosion

Multiple Choice

This process moves sediments from one location to another

• weathering

• chemical weathering

• deposition

• erosion

Multiple Choice

Lava flowing along Earth's surface can cause trees and houses to catch on fire, even though the lava does not have flames. How does the lava cause some things to catch on fire?

• Through conduction, in which the lava transfers thermal energy directly to solid objects.

• Through convection, in which the lava transfers thermal energy through the air into solid objects.

• Through evaporation, in which the lava transfers thermal energy through water into solid objects.

• Through radiation, in which the lava transfers thermal energy underground and into solid objects.

Multiple Choice

Click the image to view the question.

• through evaporation, the transfer of thermal energy through the movement of air

• through radiation, the transfer of thermal energy through the movement of liquids

• through conduction, the transfer of energy from one atom directly to the next

• through convection, the transfer of energy from the air to the water

Multiple Choice

Click the image to view the question.

• Convection is causing warm air of higher density to collect around the hand, causing the air above it to decrease in density.

• Conduction of heat from the air is causing a rise in thermal energy inside the hand, lowering the air density.

• Convection is causing warm air of a lower density around the hand to rise above the higher density air.

• Radiation of thermal energy in the hand is causing the air around it to become more dense.

Multiple Choice

Click the image to view the question.

• conduction

• convection

• radiation

• reflection

Multiple Choice

A warm rock is in contact with the cooler ground.  Which of the following will happen?

• Energy in the form of heat will flow from the ground to the rock, and the temperature of the rock will decrease

• Energy in the form of heat will flow from the rock to the ground, and the temperature of the rock will decrease

• Energy in the form of heat will flow from the ground to the rock, and the temperature of the rock will increase

• Energy in the form of heat will flow from the rock to the ground, and the temperature of the rock will increase

Multiple Choice

Which process involves heat transfer by direct contact?

• Radiation

• Conduction

• Convection

• Reflection

Multiple Choice

What causes the formation of different types of wind such as trade winds and westerlies?

• Differences in humidity

• Differences in air pressure

• Differences in rainfall

• Differences in sunlight

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best explains what causes ocean currents?

• Differences in density and temperature of ocean water

• Wind blowing across the surface

• The rotation of the Earth

• The gravitational pull of the moon

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements about weather and climate are correct?

• Weather is a short-term change in the atmosphere.

• Climate describes weather patterns over a long period.

• Weather and climate mean the same thing.

• Climate is only about temperature.

Drag and Drop

Meteors begin to burn up in the

Placeholder

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

stratosphere

thermosphere

troposphere

mesosphere

Dropdown

The lowest layer of the atmosphere is the

Select answer

layer.

Dropdown

The lowest layer of the atmosphere is the

Select answer

layer.

Drag and Drop

Space shuttles and International Space Station orbit in the

Placeholder

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

stratosphere

thermosphere

troposphere

mesosphere

Multiple Choice

What is found in the stratosphere and protects us from ultraviolet (UV) radiation?

• ozone
• clouds
• meteroids
• airplanes

Multiple Choice

The ________ is between the mesosphere and troposphere.

• stratosphere
• thermosphere
• troposphere
• mesosphere

Multiple Choice

What is the order of the layers of the atmosphere, starting with the layer closest to Earth's surface?

• Stratosphere, Troposphere, Exosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere

• Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere

• Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Exosphere, Thermosphere

• Troposphere, Stratosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere, Mesosphere

Multiple Choice

Which layer is hotter?

• Stratosphere

• Troposphere

Multiple Choice

Which layer of the atmosphere is responsible for burning up most meteors before they reach Earth?

• Troposphere

• Stratosphere

• Mesosphere

• Exosphere

Multiple Choice

Which layer of the Earth's atmosphere absorbs most of the sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation and helps maintain a stable temperature?

• Ozone layer

• Troposphere

• Stratosphere

• Hydrosphere

Multiple Choice

If you are standing at the BOTTOM of the mountain there is...

• higher air pressure

• lower air pressure

Multiple Choice

As you go higher in the troposphere, the temperature _______________.

• decreases
• increases
• stays the same
• gets very hot

Open Ended

Explain how air pressure changes with altitude and how this affects wind formation.

Multiple Choice

The continent of Antarctica is covered with an ice sheet. Which part of the Earth system includes the ice sheet?

• biosphere

• cryosphere

• geosphere

• atmosphere

Multiple Choice

Sometimes fires burn down large areas of forests that are part of the biosphere. Other than the biosphere, which of Earth’s other systems is a forest fire most likely to affect?

• geosphere

• cryosphere

• atmosphere

• hydrosphere

Multiple Choice

When trees die, they often fall on the ground and decompose. Which part of the Earth system includes dead and decomposed trees?

• biosphere

• geosphere

• hydrosphere

• cryosphere

Multiple Choice

Where is the atmosphere located?

• above the crust

• below the crust

• above the core

• below the oceans

Multiple Choice

Which of these parts of the Earth system are interacting when Florida’s orange trees grow?

• biosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere

• geosphere, cryosphere, and atmosphere

• biosphere, hydrosphere, and cryosphere

• cryosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere

Multiple Choice

Which of these pairs are part of the cryosphere?

• rain and snow

• glaciers and lakes

• permafrost and icebergs

• Arctic ice sheet and rainfall

Multiple Choice

What two spheres are represented by the water and heron?

• biosphere and geosphere

• atmosphere and biosphere

• hydrosphere and biosphere

• atmosphere and hydrosphere

Multiple Select

Which of the following are considered Earth's spheres?

• Geosphere

• Hydrosphere

• Cryosphere

• Lithosphere

Multiple Choice

Water is found in many places on Earth. Consider the rivers, streams, and ocean in the illustration.

What landform will be created when sediments carried by the river are deposited near the river’s mouth?

• an alluvial fan

• delta

• a sea cave

• a sea cliff

Multiple Choice

The state of Florida is a peninsula. What type of landform borders the Florida peninsula on three sides?

• a river

• a delta

• a coastline

• a mountain

Multiple Choice

Earth’s surface has many different landforms. Look at the illustration.

Which number indicates a dune?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

What is a natural physical feature on Earth's surface?   

• river
• glacier
• mountain
• landform

Multiple Choice

The outline or shape of a coast or the boundary between land and a lake or ocean is called a

• dune
• mountain
• coastline
• delta

Multiple Choice

What type of landform has a large, natural rise in elevation that has steep sides and is taller than a hill?

• glacier
• dune
• hill
• mountain

Multiple Choice

What is a river?

• a natural physical feature on Earth's surface   
• The outline or shape of a coast or the boundary between land and a lake or ocean
• a wide body of slowly moving water; a natural flow of water that follows a path into another body of water
• a huge mass of ice that formed from accumulated and compacted snow that slowly moves down a slope

Multiple Choice

A large body of water with land all around it is called a 

• ocean
• river
• stream
• lake

Multiple Choice

What is a delta?

• a huge mass of ice that formed from accumulated and compacted snow that slowly moves down a slope
• a wide body of slowly moving water; a natural flow of water that follows a path into another body of water
• a triangle-shaped (deposit) landform at the mouth of a river as it empties into another body of water
• The outline or shape of a coast or the boundary between land and a lake or ocean

Multiple Choice

• Delta
• Glacier
• River
• Coastline

Multiple Select

Which of the following are examples of landforms found on Earth?

• Delta

• Lake

• Peninsula

• Atmosphere

Multiple Select

Which of the following are ways in which human activity negatively impacts the Earth? Choose all that apply.

• Pollution

• Recycling

• Desertification

• Urbanization

• Deforestation

Multiple Choice

Which of the following are true?

• Deforestation and urbanization both lead to habitat loss.

• Deforestation increases green cover, while urbanization decreases it.

• Urbanization has no impact on the environment, unlike deforestation.

• Deforestation and urbanization are unrelated processes.

Multiple Choice

what is the Development of land for houses?

• urbanization

• reforestation

• deforestation

• desertification

Multiple Choice

When human-made chemicals and garbage find their way into nature and harm the air, soil, and water it is called:

• habitat destruction

• pollution

• desertification

• climate change

Multiple Choice

Less rainfall in an area and higher temperatures are main causes of ____________.

• desertification

• flooding

• glaciation

• urbanization

Multiple Choice

Humans have been using increasing amounts of land to build houses and construct roadways. Which statement below describes how this expansion affects organisms from these areas?

• Species are quickly adapting to new habitats and different niches

• The loss of habitat is reducing the population size of other animals

• Carnivores are being forced to eat vegetation in lieu of meat

• Animals are developing new habits that compliment human life

Multiple Choice

A large number of woodland animal populations are much smaller than they were 100 years ago. One of the primary reasons these populations have been reduced is –

• the loss of habitats

• the use of fertilizers

• a decline in poaching

• an increase in offshore drilling

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of land degradation caused by human activities?

• Deforestation

• Photosynthesis

• Evaporation

• Condensation

Multiple Choice

1. The diagram shows the folding of rock layers that occurs in the process of mountain building.

Which layer in the diagram is the youngest?

• Layer L

• Layer M

• Layer N

• Layer Q

Multiple Choice

Fossils are the preserved remains of organisms that lived long ago. According to the law of superposition, the rock layers that contain fossils should be far below Earth’s surface. Which answer best explains why fossils are sometimes found at or near the surface?

• Fossils are less dense than rock, so they rise to the surface.

• Fossils are moved to the surface by other organisms.

• Sedimentary rock layers are relatively soft, and new fossils sink through upper layers into older, deeper layers.

• Some rock layers with fossils have been exposed because of different processes, such as faulting, folding, and weathering.

Multiple Choice

The rock layers that make up the Grand Canyon range in age from 2 billion to 230 million years. What would a scientist need in order to compare the ages of rocks from two different parts of the canyon?

• the location of each rock

• the size and hardness of each rock

• the size of the crystals that make up the rock

• the radioactive elements in each rock

Multiple Choice

Scientists find a fossil of a fish on top of a mountain. What kind of evidence does the fossil provide scientists about the way this area might have changed over time?

• It shows that fish were once able to live without water.

• It shows that oceans can change quickly and become land.

• It shows that the animals found on the mountain today evolved from fish.

• It shows that the mountain may have once been under water and raised up by natural processes.

Multiple Choice

Scientists have found evidence that suggests that parts of Florida were once underwater. What kind of evidence could suggest this?

• fossils found in igneous rock

• fossils of marine animals

• artifacts of tools once used for fishing

• fossils of insects that can be found in Florida today

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT an example of a fossil?

• a petrified dinosaur bone
• a footprint captured in mud
• a seashell found on the beach
• an insect stuck in amber

Multiple Choice

In which kind of rock do we usually find a fossil?

• sedimentary  rock
• metamorphic rock
• igneous rock

Multiple Choice

Principle that states in a sequence of undisturbed rocks, the oldest rocks are on the bottom and the rocks become progressively younger toward the top 

• superposition 
• uniformitarianism
• half-life

Multiple Choice

Method by which a geologist can calculate the absolute age of the rock by knowing the half-life of an isotope 

• radiometric dating
• relative dating
• absolute dating

Multiple Choice

Time it takes for half of an isotopes atoms to decay 

• relative age 
• absolute age 
• half-life

Multiple Choice

Method by which order of events or age of rocks is determined by examining the position of rocks in a layer 

• relative dating
• absolute dating
• radiometric dating

Multiple Choice

Correctly sequence the layers of rocks oldest to youngest 

• A,B,C,D
• D,C,B,A

Multiple Select

Which of the following are methods used to determine the age of rocks and fossils?

• Absolute Dating

• Radiometric Dating

• Relative Dating

• Photosynthesis

Multiple Choice

Which natural evidence can be used to study changes in Earth’s environment and climate?

• Ice cores

• Clouds

• Rainfall

• Wind speed

Multiple Choice

SC.7.E.6.1

Interactions between layers of Earth cause convection currents to move crustal plates. The diagram below shows four layers of Earth.

In which layer of Earth are the convection currents that directly result in tectonic plate motion found?

a. 1

b. 2

c. 3

d. 4

• a

• b

• c

• d

Multiple Choice

SC.7.E.6.1

Earth is made up of several layers, as shown in the illustration below. Which layer is hottest?

a. crust

b. mantle

c. outer core

d. inner core

• a

• b

• c

• d

Multiple Choice

SC.7.E.6.1

Earth is composed of many metallic elements. Which layer of Earth contains the greatest amounts of dense,

solid iron and nickel?

• a

• b

• c

• d

Multiple Choice

What type of plate boundary is characterized by two tectonic plates moving towards each other?

• Divergent boundary

• Convergent boundary

• Transform boundary

• Rift valley

Multiple Choice

Which geological feature is commonly formed at a divergent boundary?

• Ocean trench

• Island arcs

• Mid-ocean ridge

• Mountain range

Multiple Choice

What type of plate boundary involves plates sliding past each other horizontally?

• Convergent boundary

• Divergent boundary

• Transform boundary

• Subduction zone

Multiple Choice

What type of geological activity is most commonly associated with transform boundaries?

• Volcanic eruptions

• Earthquakes

• Formation of island arcs

• Creation of rift valleys

Multiple Choice

What is the primary geological activity at a convergent boundary where an oceanic plate meets a continental plate?

• Formation of mid-ocean ridges

• Creation of rift valleys

• Subduction and formation of ocean trenches

• Horizontal sliding of plates