Sedatives 24/25

Multiple Choice

Which of the following drug classes is associated with both sedation and analgesia?

• Benzodiazepines

• Opioids

• Phenothiazines

• Alpha-2 agonists

Multiple Choice

Which class of drug does acepromazine belong to?

• Phenothiazine

• Benzodiazepine

• Barbiturate

• Opioid

Open Ended

Describe two main uses of acepromazine in veterinary medicine.

Open Ended

Why should acepromazine be avoided in epileptic animals?

Multiple Select

Which of the following are side effects of acepromazine?

• Decreased seizure threshold

• Hypothermia

• Hypotension

• Increased heart rate

Multiple Choice

Boxers are very susceptible to which adverse effects of acepromazine?

• Profound hypotension and bradycardia

• Seizures

• Vomiting

• Excitement

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a primary effect of benzodiazepines on the brain?

• They boost GABA's calming effect

• They increase brain activity

• They stimulate appetite directly

• They act as stimulants

Multiple Select

Which of the following are effects of benzodiazepines?

• Anti-anxiety effects

• Muscle relaxation

• Anticonvulsant effects

• Increased heart rate

Multiple Choice

Why are benzodiazepines often not used in routine premedication for healthy animals?

• Because they can cause paradoxical excitement

• Because they are too expensive

• Because they are not effective sedatives

• Because they cause severe bradycardia

Multiple Select

Which of the following are true about alpha-2 adrenergic agonists?

• They bind to alpha-2 receptors in the PNS and CNS to decrease noradrenaline release

• They provide good analgesia

• They are reversible with atipamezole

• They are used in patients with severe cardiovascular disease

Multiple Choice

What is the main reason for combining an α2 agonist with an opioid like butorphanol in healthy animals?

• To increase the dose of α2 agonist required

• To lower the dose of α2 agonist required and improve sedation and analgesia

• To prevent noradrenaline release in stressed animals

• To treat vomiting

Multiple Choice

Opioids are usually combined with which of the following to provide neuroleptanalgesia?

• Antibiotics

• ACP, benzodiazepine, or α-2 agonists

• Steroids

• Antihistamines

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements about morphine, methadone, buprenorphine, and butorphanol is/are correct?

• Morphine and methadone are both full μ agonists.

• Buprenorphine is a mixed action opioid.

• Butorphanol provides analgesia for 6-8 hours.

• Methadone can cause vomiting and histamine release.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following sedatives is classified as an Alpha-2 agonist?

• Midazolam

• Medetomidine

• Methadone

• ACP