Atomic Structure Chemistry review

Atomic Structure

The Mechanical Wave Model of the Atom

This is the newest model of the atom that we use today.

• Nucleus (positive)

• Electron cloud (negative)

. History of the atom

Use the "Wave Mechanical Model" section of your notes to answer the following state test questions

. Wave Mechanical Model Section at the bottom

Multiple Choice

In the wave-mechanical model of an atom, an orbital is defined as

• (1) a region of the most probable neutron location

• (2) a region of the most probable electron location

• (3) the straight-line path of a neutron

• (4) the straight-line path of an electron

Multiple Choice

Which statement describes a concept included in the wave-mechanical model of the atom?

• (1) Protons, neutrons, and electrons are located in the nucleus.

• (2) Electrons orbit the nucleus in shells at fixed distances.

• (3) Atoms are hard, indivisible spheres.

• (4) Electrons are located in regions called orbitals.

Multiple Choice

An orbital is a region in an atom where there is a high probability of fi nding

• (1) an alpha particle

• (2) an electron

• (3) a neutron

• (4) a positron

Multiple Choice

According to the wave-mechanical model, an orbital is defined as the most probable location of

• (1) an alpha particle

• (2) an electron

• (3) a neutron

• (4) a positron

Multiple Choice

According to the wave-mechanical model of the atom, electrons are located in

• (1) orbitals

• (2) circular paths

• 3) a small, dense nucleus

• (4) a hard, indivisible sphere

What must I know about Subatomic Particles?

The charge on Subatomic Particles

(+, - , 0)

Know the Charges of subatomic particles

Table O has the Masses and charges of subatomic particles

Dont forget that the beta particle is the electron

​

​If you forget go to Table O

Multiple Choice

Which subatomic particles are matched with their charges?

• (1) Protons are positive and neutrons are negative

• (2) Protons are positive and electrons are negative.

• (3) Protons are negative and neutrons have no charge.

• (4) Protons are negative and electrons have no charge.

Multiple Choice

Which statement describes the charge and location of an electron in an atom?

• (1) An electron has a positive charge and is located outside the nucleus.

• (2) An electron has a positive charge and is located in the nucleus.

• (3) An electron has a negative charge and is located outside the nucleus.

• (4) An electron has a negative charge and is located in the nucleus.

Multiple Choice

The diagram represents a particle traveling through an electricfi eld.

Which particle remains undeflected when passing through this electric fi eld?

• (1) proton

• (2) electron

• (3) neutron

• (4) positron

Multiple Choice

Which statement explains why a xenon atom is electrically neutral?

• (1) The atom has fewer neutrons than electrons.

• (2) The atom has more protons than electrons.

• (3) The atom has the same number of neutrons and electrons.

• .(4) The atom has the same number of protons and electrons.

Multiple Choice

Atoms are neutral because the number of

• (1) protons equals the number of neutrons

• (2) protons equals the number of electrons

• (3) neutrons is greater than the number of protons

• (4) neutrons is greater than the number of electrons

Location of Subatomic Particles

(atomic mass unit, amu)

Multiple Choice

Which particles are found in the nucleus of an argon atom?

• (1) protons and electrons

• (2) positrons and neutrons

• (3) protons and neutrons

• (4) positrons and electrons

Multiple Choice

Which statement describes the location of protons and neutrons in an atom of helium?

• (1) Protons and neutrons are in the nucleus.

• (2) Protons and neutrons are outside the nucleus.

• (3) Protons are outside the nucleus, and neutrons are in the nucleus.

• (4) Protons are in the nucleus, and neutrons are outside the nucleus.

Charge on the nucleus of an atom

Protons are positive

Neutrons have no charge

Overall charge of the nucleus is therefore POSITIVE

​

Nucleus has protons and neutrons

Multiple Choice

The part of an atom that has an overall positive charge is called

• (1) an electron

• (2) the nucleus

• (3) the first shell

• (4) the valence shell

Multiple Choice

Which phrase describes an Al atom?

• (1) a negatively charged nucleus, surrounded by negatively charged electrons

• (2) a negatively charged nucleus, surrounded by positively charged electrons

• (3) a positively charged nucleus, surrounded by negatively charged electrons

• (4) a positively charged nucleus, surrounded by positively charged electrons

Multiple Choice

What is the total charge of the nucleus of a Magnesium atom?

• 0

• - 12

• + 12

• + 24

Multiple Choice

What is the total charge of a Nitrogen atom?

• 0

• - 7

• + 7

• + 14

Multiple Choice

What is the total charge of the nucleus of a Xenon atom?

• 0

• - 54

• + 54

• + 131

Multiple Choice

What is the total charge of the nucleus of a silver atom?

• + 47

• 0

• - 47

• + 108

Multiple Choice

What is the total charge of a Carbon atom?

• 0

• - 7

• + 7

• + 14

Mass of Subatomic Particles

(atomic mass unit, amu)

Know the Masses of subatomic particles

Table O has the Masses and charges of subatomic particles

Dont forget that the beta particle is the electron

​

​If you forget go to Table O

Multiple Choice

Which two particles each have a mass approximately equal to one atomic mass unit?

• (1) positron and proton

• (2) positron and electron

• (3) neutron and electron

• (4) neutron and proton

Multiple Choice

The mass of an electron is

• (1) equal to the mass of a proton

• (2) equal to the mass of a neutron

• (3) greater than the mass of a proton

• (4) less than the mass of a neutron

Multiple Choice

Which symbol represents a particle that has a mass approximately equal to the mass of a neutron?

• (1) α

• (2) β-

• (3) β

• (4) p

Multiple Choice

Which subatomic particles each have a mass of approximately 1 u?

• (1) proton and electron

• (2) proton and neutron

• (3) neutron and electron

• (4) neutron and positron

Finding the number of Subatomic particles

(electrons)

Multiple Choice

What is the number of electrons in an atom that has 20 protons and 17 neutrons?

• (1) 37

• (2) 20

• (3) 3

• (4) 17

Multiple Choice

Which electron configuration represents the electrons in an atom of sodium in the ground state at STP?

• (1) 2-8-1

• (2) 2-7-2

• (3) 2-8-6

• (4) 2-7-7

Finding the number of Subatomic particles

(Protons)

Multiple Choice

What is the number of protons in an atom with the electron configuration of 2 - 5?

• (1) 5

• (2) 2

• (3) 3

• (4) 7

Energy Levels

Multiple Choice

In the ground state, which shell of a potassium atom has an electron with the greatest amount of energy?

• (1) first

• (2) second

• (3) third

• (4) fourth

Multiple Choice

Compared to the energy of an electron in the second shell of an atom of sulfur, the energy of an electron in the

• (1) first shell is lower

• (2) first shell is the same

• (3) third shell is lower

• (4) third shell is the same

Multiple Choice

Which electron shell in an atom of calcium in the ground state has an electron with the greatest amount of energy?

• (1) first

• (2) second

• (3) third

• (4) fourth