5.03 - Integumentary System and Accessory Organs

The Integumentary

System

Your skin, hair, nails, sweat and oil glands!

Reorder

Reorder the following

• Epidermis

• Papillary

• Dermis

• Reticular

• Hypodermis

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

Open Ended

What is the function of melanin?

Categorize

Options (4)

Keratinocytes

Melanocytes

Dendrites

Merkle Cells

Organize these options into the right categories

Barrier

UV Protection

Immune

Touch

Drag and Drop

The ​

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contains a lot of ​ adipose tissue. The ​ epidermis is only of ​

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. The ​

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contains irregular arranged tissue

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hypodermis

stratified squamous

dermis

nervous

muscle

papillary layer

reticular layer

simple cuboidal

Draw

Make a simple drawing of the 3 skin layers and label.

Drag and Drop

The ​

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provides a protective layer from the outside world. The ​

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glands are located in the dermis. The hypodermis help you maintain your core body ​

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epidermis

sudoriferous

temperature

adipose

arrector pili

dendritic cells

Accessory

Structures of the

Skin

• Structures considered to be

accessory structures, or
appendages of the skin, are:

• Sudoriferous (sweat) glands
• Sebaceous (oil) glands
• Hair
• Nails

Sudoriferous Glands

•Produce a watery solution called sweat

• Distributed through the body with larger concentrations in the axilla, palms, and soles of the feet

Sudoriferous Glands

•Produce a watery solution called sweat

• Distributed through the body with larger concentrations in the axilla, palms, and soles of the feet

• Two types: eccrine and apocrine

•Eccrine: major sweat glands of the body that secretes a clear, acidic fluid that is 99% water and contains waste products such as urea, uric acids, salts, and vitamin C

•Sweat is carried to the edge of the skin and excreted through openings in the skin called pores

Sudoriferous Glands

•Produce a watery solution called sweat

• Distributed through the body with larger concentrations in the axilla, palms, and soles of the feet

• Two types: eccrine and apocrine

•Eccrine: major sweat glands of the body that secretes a clear, acidic fluid that is 99% water and contains waste products such as urea, uric acids, salts, and vitamin C

•Sweat is carried to the edge of the skin and excreted through openings in the skin called pores

•Ducts empty into hair follicles

•Apocrine: sweat glands activated during puberty in the axilla and genital regions that secretes a milky fluid of sweat, fatty acids, and proteins

Open Ended

Why does your sweat smell so bad?

Sudoriferous Glands

•Produce a watery solution called sweat

• Distributed through the body with larger concentrations in the axilla, palms, and soles of the feet

• Two types: eccrine and apocrine

•Eccrine: major sweat glands of the body that secretes a clear, acidic fluid that is 99% water and contains waste products such as urea, uric acids, salts, and vitamin C

•Sweat is carried to the edge of the skin and excreted through openings in the skin called pores

•Ducts empty into hair follicles

• Sweat is odorless unless left on the skin where it is chemically changed by bacteria (which causes odor)

•Apocrine: sweat glands activated during puberty in the axilla and genital regions that secretes a milky fluid of sweat, fatty acids, and proteins

Open Ended

How do we deal with sweat?

Sudoriferous Glands

•Produce a watery solution called sweat

• Distributed through the body with larger concentrations in the axilla, palms, and soles of the feet

• Two types: eccrine and apocrine

•Eccrine: major sweat glands of the body that secretes a clear, acidic fluid that is 99% water and contains waste products such as urea, uric acids, salts, and vitamin C

•Sweat is carried to the edge of the skin and excreted through openings in the skin called pores

•Ducts empty into hair follicles

• Sweat is odorless unless left on the skin where it is chemically changed by bacteria (which causes odor)

• The function of sweat helps to cool the body

•Apocrine: sweat glands activated during puberty in the axilla and genital regions that secretes a milky fluid of sweat, fatty acids, and proteins

• Diaphoresis: perspiration

• Hyperhidrosis: excessive sweating

Ceruminous

Glands

•Modified sweat
glands that are found
in the ear canal

• Produces a yellow,

waxy, substance
called cerumen (ear
wax)

Sebaceous

Glands

• Produce oily secretions called sebum

Sebaceous

Glands

• Produce oily secretions called sebum

• Oil is carried to the edge of the skin and excreted through pores or is emptied into a hair follicle

Sebaceous

Glands

• Produce oily secretions called sebum

• Oil is carried to the edge of the skin and excreted through pores or is emptied into a hair follicle

• Oil has two functions:

•Lubricates the skin and hair; keeps them soft

•Contains chemicals that kill bacteria

Sebaceous

Glands

• Produce oily secretions called sebum

• Oil is carried to the edge of the skin and excreted through pores or is emptied into a hair follicle

• Oil has two functions:

•Lubricates the skin and hair; keeps them soft

•Contains chemicals that kill bacteria

• Sebaceous glands are influenced by sex hormones (overactive during puberty and underactive in old age)

Hair

• Growth is similar to the growth of the skin’s epidermal layer

• Melanocytes located at the root of the hair follicles supply the pigment for
the hair fiber

• Hair color depends on the amount of melanin present

• Because hormone production decreases as we get older, hair loses color and becomes gray

Hair

•Parts of a hair:

•Hair follicle: sheath of cells and connective tissue that surrounds the root of the hair

•Layers of the Hair

Hair

•Parts of a hair:

•Hair follicle: sheath of cells and connective tissue that surrounds the root of the hair

•Hair root: part of the hair that is embedded in the hair follicle, which is embedded in the skin

•Layers of the Hair

Hair

•Parts of a hair:

•Hair follicle: sheath of cells and connective tissue that surrounds the root of the hair

•Hair root: part of the hair that is embedded in the hair follicle, which is embedded in the skin

•Hair shaft: non-growing portion of hair that protrudes from the skin; this is the part that can be seen

•Layers of the Hair

Hair

•Parts of a hair:

•Hair follicle: sheath of cells and connective tissue that surrounds the root of the hair

•Hair root: part of the hair that is embedded in the hair follicle, which is embedded in the skin

•Hair shaft: non-growing portion of hair that protrudes from the skin; this is the part that can be seen

•Hair bulb: where the hair shaft develops; growing portion of the hair

•Layers of the Hair

Hair

•Parts of a hair:

•Hair follicle: sheath of cells and connective tissue that surrounds the root of the hair

•Hair root: part of the hair that is embedded in the hair follicle, which is embedded in the skin

•Hair shaft: non-growing portion of hair that protrudes from the skin; this is the part that can be seen

•Hair bulb: where the hair shaft develops; growing portion of the hair

•Layers of the Hair

• Medulla: deepest layer of the hair shaft, only seen in large and thick hairs

Hair

•Parts of a hair:

•Hair follicle: sheath of cells and connective tissue that surrounds the root of the hair

•Hair root: part of the hair that is embedded in the hair follicle, which is embedded in the skin

•Hair shaft: non-growing portion of hair that protrudes from the skin; this is the part that can be seen

•Hair bulb: where the hair shaft develops; growing portion of the hair

•Layers of the Hair

• Medulla: deepest layer of the hair shaft, only seen in large and thick hairs

• Cortex: middle layer of the hair shaft which provides the strength, color and texture of a hair fiber

Hair

•Parts of a hair:

•Hair follicle: sheath of cells and connective tissue that surrounds the root of the hair

•Hair root: part of the hair that is embedded in the hair follicle, which is embedded in the skin

•Hair shaft: non-growing portion of hair that protrudes from the skin; this is the part that can be seen

•Hair bulb: where the hair shaft develops; growing portion of the hair

•Layers of the Hair

• Medulla: deepest layer of the hair shaft, only seen in large and thick hairs

• Cortex: middle layer of the hair shaft which provides the strength, color and texture of a hair fiber

• Cuticle: outer layer of the hair shaft is thin and colorless

Nails

• Hard, keratin plates that cover the surface of the last bone of each toe and finger

Nails

• Hard, keratin plates that cover the surface of the last bone of each toe and finger

• Cemented together and can extend indefinitely until cut or broken

Nails

• Hard, keratin plates that cover the surface of the last bone of each toe and finger

• Cemented together and can extend indefinitely until cut or broken

• Nails grow in thickness and length by the division of cells at the base of the nail plate

Nails

• Hard, keratin plates that cover the surface of the last bone of each toe and finger

• Cemented together and can extend indefinitely until cut or broken

• Nails grow in thickness and length by the division of cells at the base of the nail plate

• Grows approximately 1 mm per week

Nails

• Hard, keratin plates that cover the surface of the last bone of each toe and finger

• Cemented together and can extend indefinitely until cut or broken

• Nails grow in thickness and length by the division of cells at the base of the nail plate

• Grows approximately 1 mm per week

• As long as nail plate remains intact, nails can regrow in about 3-5 months

Nails

• Hard, keratin plates that cover the surface of the last bone of each toe and finger

• Cemented together and can extend indefinitely until cut or broken

• Nails grow in thickness and length by the division of cells at the base of the nail plate

• Grows approximately 1 mm per week

• As long as nail plate remains intact, nails can regrow in about 3-5 months

• Toenails grow more slowly than fingernails do

Nails

• Hard, keratin plates that cover the surface of the last bone of each toe and finger

• Cemented together and can extend indefinitely until cut or broken

• Nails grow in thickness and length by the division of cells at the base of the nail plate

• Grows approximately 1 mm per week

• As long as nail plate remains intact, nails can regrow in about 3-5 months

• Toenails grow more slowly than fingernails do

• Nails are transparent but appear pink due to capillary supply under the stratum basale

Parts of the Nail

• Nail bed: specialized region of stratum basale

Parts of the Nail

• Nail bed: specialized region of stratum basale

• Nail matrix: the growth zone; the proximal end of the nail bed

• New cells become
keratinized, die, and are pushed outward

Parts of the Nail

• Nail bed: specialized region of stratum basale

• Nail matrix: the growth zone; the proximal end of the nail bed

• New cells become
keratinized, die, and are pushed outward

• Lunule: the white, crescent-moon shaped region at the base of the nail