CSI Final Exam Prep 2025

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a typical measure of socioeconomic status (SES) in the United States?

• Income

• Occupation

• Race

• Educational Attainment

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes absolute poverty?

• Lacking basic necessities for survival such as food, water, shelter, and clothing.

• Being economically disadvantaged compared to the standard of living in your community.

• Having an income above the federal poverty threshold.

• Receiving government assistance such as Medicaid.

Multiple Choice

Which of these best defines relative poverty?

• Having less resources than others in your community

• Having insufficient resources to survive

• Having less than your family members

• Having less income than another country

Open Ended

Discuss the definition of poverty and identify factors that make it more or less difficult to move up the socioeconomic ladder out of poverty.

Multiple Choice

In the US, federal income taxes are progressive, meaning

• as income increases, so does the tax %

• the tax $$ is redistributed to decrease inequality

• the tax laws were inspired by Progressive Era reforms

• the tax % stays the same regardless of income

Multiple Choice

Flat taxes are also called regressive because

• everyone pays the same %

• they are very traditional

• they do not contribute to social welfare programs

• the amount paid is more burdensome to the poor

Multiple Choice

Which government program provides health insurance specifically for the elderly?

• Medicaid

• Medicare

• SNAP

• TANF

Multiple Choice

The majority of Americans pay income taxes, yet we do not all receive the same amount from the government in subsidies and benefits. Those in need receive more benefits, such as Food Stamps or Medicaid. This illustrates which of the following concepts?

• Redistribution

• "Tax the Rich"

• Poverty

• Feminization of poverty

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a proposal to increase tax revenue from the richest Americans?

• Decrease the top marginal income tax rates

• Levy a new wealth tax

• Eliminate all sales taxes

• Increase government assistance programs

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the difference between cisgender and transgender individuals?

• Cisgender individuals have matching sex and gender, while transgender individuals do not.

• Cisgender individuals are attracted to the same gender, while transgender individuals are attracted to another gender.

• Cisgender individuals are only male or female, while transgender individuals are both.

• Cisgender individuals do not express gender, while transgender individuals do.

Multiple Choice

What is the dominant sociological stance regarding how people develop gender?

• People develop gender identity through socialization

• People's gender is determined by their biological sex and hormones

• People's gender develops in puberty due to hormonal changes

• People's gender identities are connected to spirituality

Multiple Choice

Some people are born with anatomical traits of both male and female anatomies; this is called

• asexual

• transgender

• cisgender

• intersex

Multiple Choice

When Ms. Gorski was young, her parents named her Rachael, painted her room pink, and bought her baby dolls and play-kitchens as toys. These are all examples of...

• gender socialization

• gender non-binary

• gender inequality

• redistribution

Multiple Choice

Which of these could be used as evidence of gender-based political inequality in the US?

• women make up only about 25% of Congress

• there has never been a female American president

• women hold only about 1/3 of state legislative seats

• all of these

Open Ended

Describe one form of gender inequality in detail (examples: pay gap, political representation, sexual harassment, sexual assault, or forms of gender-based violence).

Multiple Choice

Which of the following issues were central to the Second Wave of feminism?

• Right to vote and legal equality

• Right to work, equal pay, college admissions, bodily autonomy

• Intersectionality and grassroots activism

• Social media and the #MeToo movement

Multiple Choice

Which wave of feminism was most concerned with obtaining the right to vote?

• First

• Second

• Third

• Fourth

Multiple Choice

Which of these is MOST determined by a person's biological traits and anatomy?

• Sex

• Gender

• Sexual Orientation

• Sexuality

Multiple Choice

Which of the following were landmark events or victories for the LGBTQ+ movement?

• Stonewall Inn riots, Legalization of Same-Sex Marriage, Repeal of 'Don't Ask, Don't Tell', Obergefell v. Hodges (2015)

• Pride parades, Roe v. Wade, Equal Rights Amendment, Lavender Scare

• HIV/AIDS epidemic, Brown v. Board of Education, Obergefell v. Hodges (2015), Equal Pay Act

• Lavender Scare, Roe v. Wade, Equal Rights Amendment, Stonewall Inn riots

Match

Match the following

• Obergefell v. Hodges

• Obama

• HIV/AIDS

• Stonewall

• Equal Protection

Supreme Court protected gay marriage

Repealed Don't Ask, Don't Tell

Cause of LGBTQ activism in the 1980s

Event commemorated by Pride Month

14A provision used to expand civil rts

• Supreme Court protected gay marriage

• Repealed Don't Ask, Don't Tell

• Cause of LGBTQ activism in the 1980s

• Event commemorated by Pride Month

• 14A provision used to expand civil rts

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements is TRUE about the LGBTQ+ community?

• Gen Z is significantly more likely to identify as LGBTQ than older generations

• Most LGBTQ people identify as transgender

• The rate of people 'coming out' has been decreasing over time

• LGBTQ people are fully protected from discrimination in all public settings

Categorize

Options (8)

abortion had to be legal in 1st trimester

had to have exceptions to save life of the mother

had to have exceptions for victims of rape & ince

acknowledged need to balance right to privacy with potentiality of human life

permitted states to make whatever abortion policies they wanted

said there is no right to privacy that protects abortion in the Constitution

enabled states to ban abortion

currently the basis of abortion laws in the US

Organize these options into the right categories

Roe v. Wade

Dobbs v. Jackson

Multiple Select

Which of the following are considered physical traits used to define race in the US today?

• Skin color

• Language

• Hair texture & color

• Eye shape & color

Multiple Choice

Which of these is most based on a person's culture or heritage?

• Ethnicity

• Race

• Religion

• Language

Match

Match the following

• Forced Assimilation

• Ethnic Cleansing

• De Facto Segregation

• De Jure Segregation

• Genocide

Indian Boarding Schools

Trail of Tears

Neighborhood patterns today

Jim Crow laws

The Holocaust

• Indian Boarding Schools

• Trail of Tears

• Neighborhood patterns today

• Jim Crow laws

• The Holocaust

Multiple Choice

Which of these involves actions, not just thoughts?

• Discrimination

• Prejudice

• Racism

• Bigotry

Multiple Choice

Which of the following describes how some groups benefit from their membership of that group (such as race,ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, wealth), while others do not have the same opportunities or advantages since they are not members of that group?

• Privilege

• Prejudice

• Discrimination

• Subjugation

Multiple Choice

When examining minority-dominant group relations in the United States, which of the following do sociologists classify as the dominant group?

• Black

• White

• Non-Hispanic White

• Multiracial

Multiple Choice

Which of the following events is most closely associated with a significant decline in public perception of race relations as 'good' according to the data shown?

• The election of Barack Obama

• The Black Lives Matter movement and high-profile police brutality cases

• The passage of the Civil Rights Act

• The end of segregation in schools

Multiple Choice

Many sociologists attribute today's racial wealth gap, where on average white families' wealth is 10x that of Black families, to the legacy of Jim Crow and slavery. Which of the following is most relevant in this analysis?

• institutional discrimination

• individual discrimination

• de facto segregation

• prejudice

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement that could be used to illustrate the symptoms of racial inequality in the United States?

• The government is still mostly composed of white people even though the majority are non-white

• Racial minorities are underrepresented in most political institutions such as Congress

• Black and Hispanic households have, on average, significantly less wealth than white families

• Black men are much more likely than white men to be arrested and incarcerated

Multiple Select

Which of the following are main areas targeted by affirmative action policies?

• College admissions

• Employment

• Housing discrimination

• Healthcare access

Multiple Choice

According to the Supreme Court's 2023 decision, what is now forbidden in college admissions?

• Considering race as one of many factors

• Using a quota system

• Considering racial and ethnic background of applicants

• Considering extracurricular activities

Multiple Choice

Which of the following would a person supporting race-conscious admissions (affirmative action) use as evidence to support their arguments?

• When race-conscious admissions ends, diversity declines in elite universities

• Low-income students face more challenges than wealthy students

• Race-conscious policies lead to discrimination against white and Asian applicants

• It isn't fair to consider race since it is not indicative of a person's merits

Open Ended

Explain why one of these Supreme Court decisions was controversial: Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health (2022), Obergefell v. Hodges (2015), or Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard (2023).

Multiple Choice

Deviance is defined as

• actions that violate laws

• actions that break social norms

• actions that adhere to social norms

• actions that are relative to each culture

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of informal deviance?

• Fraud

• Being vegetarian in the United States

• Drug use

• Theft

Multiple Choice

Formal deviance is also known as

• preference sanctions

• crime

• stigmatization

• social control

Match

Match each type of crime with its example

• Property

• Violent

• White Collar

• Organized

• Victimless

Arson

Murder

Fraud

Drug Trafficking

Drug use

• Arson

• Murder

• Fraud

• Drug Trafficking

• Drug use

Multiple Choice

Which of these best proves that what is considered deviant is socially constructed?

• All cultures have an incest taboo.

• There are three types of norms: folkways, mores, and taboos.

• Sometimes defendants receive punishments that the public thinks are unjust.

• It was once considered deviant for women to wear pants.

Open Ended

Describe how one sociological paradigm examines deviance: functionalism, conflict theory, or symbolic interactionism.

Multiple Choice

Which theory of deviance would suggest that a person sold drugs to meet the cultural goal of making money?

• Strain Theory

• Differential Association

• Conflict Theory

• Social Process Theory

Multiple Choice

Which theory of crime analyzes the influence of family and friends on deviant behaviors?

• Developmental Theory

• Differential Association

• Psychological Theory

• Biosocial Theory

Multiple Choice

Which theory of crime investigates the ways that stigmatizing people as deviant leads to further deviant behavior?

• Social Control Theory

• Rational Choice Theory

• Labeling Theory

• Deviant Subcultures

Multiple Choice

Which perspective of justice do mandatory minimum sentences best align with? (MMs require a judge to give a particular punishment to people convicted of a crime, rather than using their own discretion)

• Equal Justice Perspective

• Due Process Perspective

• Nonintervention Perspective

• Rehabilitation Perspective

Multiple Choice

Which of these best supports an argument against the death penalty?

• The death penalty is more expensive than life without parole

• The death penalty offers victims' families a sense of closure & justice

• The death penalty is fair; "an eye for an eye"

• The death penalty is only used as punishment for very heinous crimes

Open Ended

What topic do you plan to write about in your essay?