Keystone Review 3: Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration

Keystone Review #3
Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration
(and Types of Transport)

ATP

• Cellular energy is called ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)

• ATP stores a small amount of energy

• ATP is the cell’s energy currency used for almost all cellular activities 

• The bond is broken on the last phosphate group to release a small amount of energy.  ADP is the left over molecule.

• During cellular respiration, phosphates are added back to ADP molecules to remake ATP.

• The energy to do this comes from carbohydrates (sugars).

• This is done in the mitochondria.

Types of Transport

• The cell membrane is selectively permeable, meaning only certain substances can pass through

• Small or nonpolar molecules can pass through (i.e. water)

• Large or polar molecules cannot pass through without help (i.e. proteins)

Types of Transport

• Passive transport does NOT require energy for substances to move across the cell membrane. Substances move from HIGH to LOW concentrations

• Homeostasis is the regulation of metabolic processes to maintain the stable internal conditions required for survival.

• Types of Passive Transport:

  • diffusion

  • facilitated diffusion

  • osmosis (hypertonic, hypotonic, isotonic)

Types of Transport

• Active transport DOES require the use of energy to move substances across the cell membrane. Substances move from LOW to HIGH concentrations

• Types of Active Transport:

  • endocytosis

  • exocytosis

  • membrane pumps

Match

Match the terms with the correct definition.

• Passive Transport

• Active Transport

• Osmosis

• Endocytosis

• Facilitated Diffusion

No energy required; from high to low

Requires energy; move from low to high

Diffusion of water

Vesicle brings molecules into cell

Membrane proteins assist movement

• No energy required; from high to low

• Requires energy; move from low to high

• Diffusion of water

• Vesicle brings molecules into cell

• Membrane proteins assist movement

Photosynthesis

• Process of transforming solar energy gathered from sunlight into the chemical energy of glucose sugar.

• Occurs in the chloroplast of plant cells

• Two-step process:

  • Light Dependent Reaction - occurs in thylakoid

  • Light Independent Reaction (Calvin Cycle) - occurs in stroma

• Reactants: carbon dioxide, water, sunlight

• Products: glucose, oxygen

Labelling

Place the labels in the correct location for the process of photosynthesis.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

water

ATP

stroma

oxygen

ADP

carbon dioxide

thylakoid

sunlight

Cellular Respiration

• Process of transforming the chemical energy from food (sugar) into the chemical energy of ATP molecules

• Occurs in the mitochondria of cells

• Three-step process:

  • Glycolysis - occurs in cytoplasm

  • Krebs Cycle - occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria

  • Electron Transport Chain - occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondria

• Reactants: glucose, oxygen

• Products: carbon dioxide, water, ATP

Labelling

Place the labels in the correct location for the process of cellular respiration.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

36 ATP

H2O

O2

CO2

2 ATP

glycolysis

Krebs cycle

electron transport chain

Multiple Choice

Which statement best describes a function of the proteins embedded in the plasma membrane of cells?

• They provide instructions for the processes in the cell.

• They attract charges in the cell’s environment to give the cell a net charge.

• They store the energy required by the rest of the membrane to perform its functions.

• They selectively allow certain particles into and out of the cell.

Multiple Choice

Refer to the picture to answer the question. Which statement best describes a direct role of ATP in a paramecium?

• ATP provides the energy to move cilia.

• ATP stores the genetic code for replication.

• ATP signals the presence of other nearby organisms.

• ATP senses changes in the surrounding aquatic environment.

Multiple Choice

Lungs and capillaries both have porous linings that allow certain substances to move into or out of the structures. Which function do these porous linings most likely serve in living organisms?

• heat releases

• gas exchange

• carbohydrate absorption

• osmotic pressure regulation

Multiple Choice

Muscle cells have a comparatively large number of mitochondria. Which action does this characteristic allow muscle cells to accomplish?

• rapidly convert carbohydrates into lipids

• reduce oxygen demand when releasing stored energy

• rapidly release chemical energy for use

• reduce carbon dioxide production when releasing stored energy

Multiple Choice

Which statement best compares the plasma membrane in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

• The plasma membrane is a single layer of lipids in prokaryotes, but it is a bilayer in eukaryotes

• The plasma membrane in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes separates the cell from the external environment

• The plasma membrane is lined with ribosomes in prokaryotes, but it is lined with lipids in eukaryotes

• The plasma membrane in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes contains chloroplasts for starch storage

Open Ended

Notice the equations for photosynthesis and cellular respiration. What does it mean that these processes are interdependent? 

Photosynthesis:
6CO₂+ 6H₂O + light energy C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ 

Cellular Respiration:
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ 6CO₂+ 6H₂O + ATP

Check out the Amoeba sister videos on the following pages for more review...