Polymers, ceramics & composites

C6 Materials Revision

Instructions:

•Turn your microphone and your camera off.

•Move any distractions. You must not use your phone during the lesson.

•Do not write anything in the chat unless your are told to.

•Wait for the lesson to start.

•Be aware that the session is recorded.

•Have pen and equipment ready.

Depending on the quality of your internet connection, you may experience a ‘lag’ in the lesson.

Construction Materials

• A quarry is an open mine where limestone can be extracted.

• Limestone is a sedimentary rock made from the crushed shells and skeletons of animals in the sea.

• Limestone is useful for making glass, concrete and other building materials.

• A metal ore is a naturally occurring rock that contain metals.

• •People mine for metal ores (dig in the earth). 

Multiple Choice

What does 'brittle' mean?

• Soft
• Easily breakable
• Easily bendable
• Tough

Multiple Choice

Which of these properties do ceramics possess?

• Light
• Very fragile
• Strong hardness
• Flexible

Evaluating Quarrying

• Advantages of quarrying - Employment

  opportunities, economic benefits, provides

  useful materials

• Disadvantages of quarrying - Noise and air pollution, habitat destruction and increased traffic

Multiple Choice

What is a disadvantage of ceramics?

• Ceramics are tough. 
• Clay is easy to obtain.
• They can be painted.
• They can fracture easily.

Open Ended

Why do people quarry or mine for ores?

Multiple Choice

The density of ceramics is...

• Low
• High

Physical Properties of Metals

• •Shiny

  •Hard

  •Malleable

  •Ductile

  •Solid (except for mercury)

  •Conduct electricity

  •Conduct heat

  •Magnetic (iron, cobalt and nickel)

  •Dense

  •Sonorous

Multiple Choice

Are ceramics...

• Good insulators
• Good conductors

Multiple Choice

What does sonorous mean?

• Can be bent into shape

• Can be drawn into wires

• Makes a sound when hit

• Can conduct electricity

Multiple Choice

Which of these objects is a ceramic?

• Brick
• Pylon
• Water bottle
• Tarmac

Multiple Choice

What does malleable mean?

• Can be bent into shape

• Can be drawn into wires

• Makes a sound when hit

• Can conduct electricity

Multiple Choice

A chain of repeating units (called monomers)

• monomer

• dimer

• replicate

• polymer

Multiple Choice

What does ductile mean?

• Can be bent into shape

• Can be drawn into wires

• Makes a sound when hit

• Can conduct electricity

Multiple Choice

Define polymer

• circular molecule made with many repeating units

• short molecule made of a few repeating units

• long, chain-like molecule made of repeating units

• chain-like molecule that contains hydrogen and oxygen

Corrosion

• When metals react with the air or water around them, they react to form metal oxides. This is called corrosion. 

• The corrosion of iron is called rust. 

Multiple Choice

Which of these properties do ceramics possess?

• Light
• Very fragile
• Strong hardness
• Flexible

Multiple Choice

What is a polymer?

• a group of atoms
• a long chain molecule with identical group of atoms
• a long chain of molecules
• a long chain of different atoms

Alloys

• Metals can be combined with other metals or non-metals to make an alloy.  

• This combines their properties to make new materials that have more uses, e.g. steel

Multiple Choice

A polymer made in the laboratory (or industry) usually made from petrochemicals

• nature polymer

• natural polymer

• protein

• synthetic polymer

Multiple Select

What elements are in steel alloys?

• Carbon

• Iron

• Copper

• Tin

• Lead

Multiple Choice

What is the definition of a composite?

• Composites are when you weld two or more metals together to form a new type of metal.

• Composites are a combination of two or more materials that are bonded together to improve their mechanical or physical properties.

• Composites are when you take 2 or more metals and fuse them through melting.

• Composites are when you take 2 or more matrix and mix them to create a new material.

Reactivity Series

• The reactivity series puts metals in increasing order of reactivity.

• The noble metals are very unreactive and are found at the bottom.

• The group 1 and 2 metals are very reactive and are found at the top

Multiple Choice

A composite material is made of 

• A single material
• Two or more separate materials
• Two or more chemically combined materials
• None of these

Metal Displacement

• Displacement is when a more reactive metal will replace another metal in a compound. 

• •Displacement can be used to extract metals from their ores.

• Carbon is often used to do this (it is cheap and a very common element). 

Multiple Choice

A problem with modern composites is that they

• can be lightweight

• are expensive

• can be molded into shapes

Multiple Choice

Carbon can be used to displace aluminium oxide

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Advantages of Carbon fibre are ...

• Mass production processes can be used to bring down costs

• Low skilled workers to create complex shapes

• Cheap to produce complex shapes

• Complex shapes can be created that are extremely strong and lightweight

Multiple Choice

Carbon can be used to displace iron oxide

• True

• False

Metal Reactions

Multiple Choice

What salt would form between the reaction of lead and hydrochloric acid?

• Lead chloride

• Lead chlorine

• Lead nitrate

• Lead sulphate

Multiple Choice

What salt would form between the reaction of lead and nitric acid?

• Lead nitric

• Lead chloride

• Lead nitrate

• Lead sulphate

Multiple Choice

How can you test for hydrogen gas?

• Limewater turns cloudy

• You can't

• Squeaky pop test

Ceramics

•Made from materials joined together by heat. 

•They can be used for: tiles, crockery and cooking pots, bricks and cement.

•Advanced ceramics are used for space travel and in bone replacements.

•Ceramics are hard, brittle and corrosion resistant. 

Composites

•Made from two or more different materials with different properties.

•E.g. fibreglass, reinforced concrete, plywood and carbon fibre.

•Composites have different properties depending on what materials are used.

•It is made of a reinforcement material – which makes it stronger and a matrix which gives it shape. 

Polymers

Polymers are long chains made of monomers.

The process of making a polymer is called polymerisation.

Wool is a natural polymer and chewing gum is a synthetic polymer.

•Polymers are often; flexible, durable, light, transparent, mouldable, an insulator and waterproof