Holt Ch 15

Open Ended

Why is understanding the concept of pH important in everyday life?

Open Ended

Explain the steps involved in calculating the pH of a solution when the hydronium ion concentration is known.

Open Ended

Describe what is taking place during the self-ionization of water.

Multiple Choice

Which equation represents the self-ionization of water?

• H2O(l) + H2O(l) ⇌ H3O+(aq) + OH−(aq)

• H2O(l) ⇌ H+(aq) + OH−(aq)

• H2O(l) + OH−(aq) ⇌ H3O+(aq)

• H2O(l) ⇌ H2(g) + O2(g)

Fill in the Blank

At 25°C, what is the value of Kw for water?

Multiple Choice

How does the ionization constant of water (Kw) change with temperature?

• It increases as temperature increases.

• It decreases as temperature increases.

• It remains constant regardless of temperature.

• It fluctuates randomly with temperature.

Open Ended

Describe the difference between neutral, acidic, and basic solutions in terms of hydronium and hydroxide ion concentrations.

Multiple Choice

If the [H3O+] of a solution is 2.0 × 10^-4 M, what is the [OH−]?

• 5.0 × 10^-10 M

• 2.0 × 10^-4 M

• 1.0 × 10^-14 M

• 2.0 × 10^-18 M

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements are correct regarding the calculation of [H3O+] and [OH−] in strong acid or base solutions?

• Strong acids and bases are considered completely ionized in weak aqueous solutions.

• [OH−] can be calculated using Kw if [H3O+] is known.

• [H3O+] can be calculated using Kw if [OH−] is known.

• NaOH dissociates to give Na+ and OH− in water.

Multiple Select

Based on the table of strong and weak acids, which of the following are considered weak acids?

• Acetic acid (CH3COOH)

• Formic acid (HCOOH)

• Hydronium ion (H3O+)

• Benzoic acid (C6H5COOH)

Multiple Choice

Which of the following acids has the highest acid dissociation constant (K_a) according to the table?

• Hydronium ion (H3O+)

• Acetic acid (CH3COOH)

• Formic acid (HCOOH)

• Phosphoric acid (H3PO4)

Fill in the Blank

The product of the concentrations of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions in aqueous solution is always equal to ___.

Open Ended

Explain how the concentrations of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions change when a strong acid is added to pure water, using the data from the table.

Open Ended

Describe the steps required to calculate the hydroxide ion concentration ([OH-]) in a solution when the hydronium ion concentration ([H3O+]) is known. Use the sample problem as a reference.

Fill in the Blank

A 1.0 × 10^-4 M solution of HNO3 has been prepared for a laboratory experiment. Calculate the [H3O+] of this solution.

Multiple Choice

What is the pH of a neutral solution at 25°C?

• 7.0

• 1.0

• 14.0

• 0.0

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements about pH and [H3O+] are correct?

• A lower pH indicates a higher concentration of H3O+.

• A neutral solution has a pH of 7.0.

• A solution with [H3O+] = 1 × 10^-2 M has a pH of 2.0.

• A solution with [H3O+] = 1 × 10^-13 M is acidic.

Fill in the Blank

The pOH of a solution is defined as the negative of the common logarithm of the hydroxide ion concentration, ___.

Multiple Choice

Which material has the highest pH among the following?

• Milk of magnesia

• Vinegar

• Blood

• Bananas

Multiple Choice

According to the table, which condition describes a basic solution at 25°C?

• [H3O+] < [OH-], pH > pOH

• [H3O+] = [OH-], pH = pOH

• [H3O+] > [OH-], pH < pOH

• [H3O+] = 1 × 10^-7 M, pH = 7.0

Open Ended

Explain how the relationship between pH and pOH can be used to determine whether a solution is acidic, basic, or neutral.

Multiple Choice

How many significant figures should be to the right of the decimal in a pH calculation if the hydronium ion concentration is given as 1 × 10⁻⁷?

• One significant figure

• Two significant figures

• Three significant figures

• None

Multiple Choice

What is the pH of a 1.0 × 10⁻³ M NaOH solution?

• 11.00

• 3.00

• 7.00

• 1.00

Multiple Select

Which of the following equations can be used to relate pH and hydronium ion concentration?

• pH = -log [H₃O⁺]

• [H₃O⁺] = 10⁻ᵖᴴ

• log [H₃O⁺] = -pH

• [H₃O⁺] = pH × 10

Open Ended

What is one concept from today's lesson on aqueous solutions and the concept of pH that you found most interesting or would like to learn more about?