REVIEW 2BACH B1 - 1 AND 2 UNIT

EDUCATIONAL UNIT. ARMED FORCES. 'FAE No. 3 TAURA'

By Anthony Eduardo Galarza Vera

​Segundo de Bachillerato - B1

General review of units 1 and 2 prior to the quarterly exam.

• Articles

• Adverbs of frequency

• Present simple and present continuous.

• Past simple and past continuous.

• Personality adjectives and stronger adjectives.

When do we use them?

🔹 Past Simple: completed actions in the past.
→ I watched a movie yesterday.

🔹 Past Continuous: actions in progress at a specific time in the past.
→ I was watching a movie at 8 PM.

​​Introduction to Past Simple & Past Continuous

When used together:

• Past Continuous = background action

• Past Simple = interrupting or short action
  → I was studying when my friend called.

• Walked: (Caminó/Caminaron)

• Talked: (Habló/Hablaron)

• Listened: (Escuchó/Escucharon)

• Watched: (Miró/Miraron)

• Played: (Jugó/Jugaron)

• Worked: (Trabajó/Trabajaron)

Regular verbs

Regular and irregular verbs

• Helped: (Ayudó/Ayudaron)

• Started: (Comenzó/Comenzaron)

• Lived: (Vivió/Vivieron)

• Loved: (Amó/Amaron)

• Used: (Usó/Usaron)

• Cleaned: (Limpió/Limpiaron)

• Called: (Llamó/Llamaron)

• Looked: (Miró/Miraron)

• Asked: (Preguntó/Preguntaron)

• Answered: (Respondió/Respondieron)

• Visited: (Visitó/Visitaron)

• Painted: (Pintó/Pintaron)

• Enjoyed: (Disfrutó/Disfrutaron)

• Studied: (Estudió/Estudiaron)

• Smiled: (Sonrió/Sonrieron)

• Tasted: (Probó/Probaron)

Irregular verbs

• come: came (venir)

• get: got (obtener)

• give: gave (dar)

• know: knew (saber)

• put: put (poner)

• become: became (convertirse)

• begin: began (comenzar)

• eat: ate (comer)

• drink: drank (beber)

• drive: drove (conducir)

• find: found (encontrar)

• forget: forgot (olvidar)

• hear: heard (oír)

• leave: left (dejar)

• lose: lost (perder)

• meet: met (conocer)

• run: ran (correr)

• swim: swam (nadar)

• think: thought (pensar)

• understand: understood (entender)

• write: wrote (escribir) 

• be: was/were (ser/estar)

• do: did (hacer)

• go: went (ir)

• have: had (tener)

• make: made (hacer)

• say: said (decir)

• see: saw (ver)

• take: took (tomar)

• While I was walking to school, I saw a strange bird.

• This time last year, I was living in Madrid.

Examples:

⏳ Past Simple
✔️ Yesterday
✔️ Last week/month/year
✔️ In 2015
✔️ Then / After that

⏳ Past Continuous
✔️ While
✔️ As
✔️ This time last year
✔️ At that moment

Time Expressions (Time Markers)

How to form each tense

Tense	Structure	Example
Past Simple	Subject + verb in past	She cooked dinner.
Past Continuous	Subject + was/were + verb + ing	They were cooking dinner.

​Real-life example:
→ I was talking on the phone when the lights went out.

Guided Practice

🧠 Identify the correct tense and explain why.

1. I was reading when you arrived.
   → Which action was in progress?

2. She broke her phone while she was texting.
   → What is the interrupting action?

3. This time last year, I was studying in Canada.
   → What does the time expression indicate?

Guided Practice

🧠 Identify the correct tense and explain why.

1. I was reading when you arrived.
✔️ Past Continuous: was reading = action in progress
✔️ Past Simple: arrived = interrupting action

2. She broke her phone while she was texting.
✔️ Past Simple: broke = short/interrupting action
✔️ Past Continuous: was texting = background action

3. This time last year, I was studying in Canada.
✔️ Past Continuous = action happening around a specific moment in the past
✔️ This time last year = typical time marker for Past Continuous

Multiple Choice

Choose the correct words

1. While my sister finished / was finishing her homework, I put / was putting the dishes away.

• was finishing / put

• finished / was putting

• finished / put

• was finishing / was putting

Multiple Choice

My mum helped / was helping me to find a website after I asked / was asking her.

• was helping / was asking

• helped / asked

• helped / was asking

• was helping / asked

Multiple Choice

The TV documentary came / was coming to an end while I slept / was sleeping.

• came / was sleeping

• was coming / was sleeping

• came / slept

• was coming / slept

Multiple Choice

I took / was taking notes while I watched / was watching the programme on TV.

• took /watched

• was taking / was watching

• took / was watching

• was taking / watched

Multiple Choice

I thought / was thinking that the homework seemed / was seeming quite easy.

• thought / was seeming

• was thinking / seemed

• was thinking / was seeming

• thought / seemed

Multiple Choice

This time last year I studied / was studying at a Spanish school and I lived / was living in Valencia.

• was studying / lived

• studied / lived

• was studying / was living

• studied / was living

Multiple Choice

I broke / was breaking my watch while I played / was playing tennis.

• broke / was playing

• was breaking / was playing

• was breaking / played

• broke / played

Multiple Choice

My brother played / was playing his drums while I tried / was trying to study for my French exam!

• was playing / was trying
• played / tried
• played / was trying

Asking Questions – Past Simple

Structure:
🔹 Did + subject + base verb + …?
→ Did you watch the movie?
→ Did she call you this morning?

✅ Use “did” for all subjects:
→ Did he study? Did we go? Did they enjoy?

Common short answers:
→ Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.

Asking Questions – Past Continuous

Structure:
🔹 Was/Were + subject + verb-ing + …?
→ Was she sleeping at 6 a.m.?
→ Were you watching TV when it happened?

✅ Use “was” with I/he/she/it — “were” with you/we/they.

Common short answers:
→ Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t.

📝 Examples:

• Was your brother playing video games?

• Were they studying for the test?

• What were you doing at 10 p.m.?

Multiple Choice

A: ________ last night?
B: Yes, I was studying at 8 o'clock.

• Did you study
• Were you studying
• Are you studying
• Have you studied

Multiple Choice

A: ________ the film?
B: No, I didn’t like the film at all.

• Did you enjoy
• Have you seen
• What did you think of
• Did you like

Multiple Choice

A: ________ the football match last night?
B: Yes, we were watching the football match together.

• Were
• Was you - you and your frieds watching

• Were you/you and your friend/s w

• Have

Multiple Choice

A: ________ yesterday?
B: No, I didn’t go out. I wasn’t feeling very well.

• Did you stay home

• Did you go out

Multiple Choice

A: ________ at six o’clock?
B: Of course I was sleeping! I got up at nine.

• Was you sleeping
• Were you sleeping

Multiple Choice

A: ________ this morning?
B: No, she didn’t call me because she didn’t have my number.

• Did she call you

• Did she text you

What Are State Verbs?

🧠 State verbs describe:

• Thoughts, opinions: believe, think (opinion)

• Feelings and emotions: like, love, hate, want

• Possession: own, have (a pet)

• Senses or appearance: seem, look, feel (emotion or temperature)

✅ They are not usually used in continuous tenses.

Examples:

• I believe in ghosts. (NOT: I am believing)

• She has two dogs.

• It feels cold in here.

What Are Action Verbs?

⚡ Action verbs describe physical or mental actions:

• Things we do: run, take, stop, watch, eat

• Temporary or changing actions: have (dinner), think (about a problem), feel (sick)

• Future plans: look forward to

✅ They can be used in continuous tenses.

Examples:

• We are having dinner right now.

• I am thinking about the answer.

• She is watching a movie.

Categorize

Options (14)

feel (= think)

have (dinner)

look forward to

stop

take

think (about a problem)

watch

believe

feel (cold or hot)

have (a pet)

like

own

think (= have an opinion)

want

Classify these verbs in the correct group.

State

Active

Dropdown

Daniel​

Select answer

(drive) through Dublin when he ​

Select answer

(lose) his way.

Dropdown

A woman ​

Select answer

(walk) along the street, so Daniel ​

Select answer

(get out) of the car and ​

Select answer

(speak) to the woman.

Dropdown

‘Excuse me,’ he ​ ​

Select answer

(say), ‘Can you tell me the quickest way to get to Cork?’

Dropdown

The woman ​

Select answer

(look) at Daniel and ​

Select answer

(ask), ‘Are you on foot or in the car?’ ‘In the car,’ Daniel replied.

Dropdown

The woman ​

Select answer

(smile). ‘Ah well, that will be the quickest way to get there.’ And then she ​

Select answer

(walk) off.

Match

Complete the following sentences.

• Some conversations are hard. You’ve upset a friend.

  Someone has posted unpleasant comments about

  you online. Before starting any conversation in

  situations like these, there are a ---- things

  you should think about.

• Start by asking yourself ---- the worst part is.

• The conversation

  might not be as bad as you

  ----- expecting.

  You don’t always have to be right. Sometimes it’s

  more important to stay friends.

• Then choose the

  right time to speak. It helps to make sure the other

  person is in a good mood, particularly ------your conversation is about something personal.

• Avoid using words like ‘you’, which can make you

  look angry, and don’t focus ------complaints

  that are connected to other things.

few

what

are

if

on

• few

• what

• are

• if

• on

Multiple Choice

Finally, .................. you are listenning, remember that we all feel hurt and fear differently. Just because you fell time doesn't mean others do too.

• but

• while

• because

• for

Stronger adjectives and adverbs.

• An adverb is a word that modifies or describes a verb (“he sings loudly”), an adjective (“very tall”), another adverb (“ended too quickly”), or even a whole sentence (“Fortunately, I had brought an umbrella.”).

Strong Adjectives – Say More with Fewer Words!

🔹 What are strong adjectives?
Strong adjectives (also called extreme adjectives) are words that express a very strong meaning, so you don’t need to say “very” before them.

👉 Instead of saying:
✔ very bad → ❌
✅ Say: awful

✔ very good → ❌
✅ Say: fantastic, brilliant, wonderful

✔ very funny → ❌
✅ Say: hilarious

Weak Adjective	Strong Adjective
very bad	awful
very good	brilliant / fantastic / wonderful
very tasty	delicious
very dirty	disgusting
very angry	furious
very big	huge
very funny	hilarious
very terrible	❌ (already strong) → Just say terrible

​🧠 REMEMBER: Strong adjectives make your writing more powerful and exciting!

Using Adverbs with Adjectives – Be Careful!

🔹 What are adverbs for?
We use adverbs to make adjectives stronger.

✅ For regular (weak) adjectives, you can say:

• really kind

• very big

• extremely dangerous

🟡 BUT: When using strong adjectives, you don’t use very or extremely.

❌ very brilliant
❌ extremely delicious

✅ Use absolutely with strong adjectives:

✔ absolutely brilliant
✔ absolutely delicious
✔ absolutely furious

📝 Examples in full sentences:

✔ My mom is really kind to everyone.
✔ That test was extremely difficult.
✔ The movie was absolutely hilarious!
✔ This cake is absolutely delicious!
✔ I felt absolutely terrible after forgetting her birthday.

🎯 Tip for you:
If the adjective already sounds strong (like fantastic or awful), just go with absolutely — never very!

Match

🧩 MATCHING PAIRS

• very bad

• very good

• very tasty

• very dirty

• very angry

awful

fantastic / brilliant / wonderful

delicious

disgusting

furious

• awful

• fantastic / brilliant / wonderful

• delicious

• disgusting

• furious

Match

🧩 MATCHING PAIRS

• very terrible

• absolutely + brilliant

• very + brilliant

• extremely + dangerous

• absolutely + delicious

❌ incorrect — don’t use "very" with stro

✅ correct use

❌ incorrect — don’t use "very" with stro

✅ correct use

✅ correct use

• ❌ incorrect — don’t use "very" with stro

• ✅ correct use

• ❌ incorrect — don’t use "very" with stro

• ✅ correct use

• ✅ correct use

Describing a photo and -ing form.

​How to Describe a Photo in English

When you describe a photo, follow these 4 steps. Use clear, simple language!

🟢 1. Give an introduction

“I think this photo shows a typical scene in a school / market / park.”

🟢 2. Introduce the people

“There are three people in this photo, and a few others in the background.”
“This man looks like a tourist / student / shop assistant.”

🟢 3. Say where the photo was taken

“I guess this photo was taken in a shop / a park because of the products / trees / buildings.”

🟢 4. Say what the people are doing

Use the -ing form to describe actions:
→ “The woman is buying something.”
→ “The man is walking alone.”
→ “They're taking a photo together.”

​1

​2

​3

​Using the -ing Form Correctly

We use the -ing form (gerund) in specific situations:

🟡 A. As the subject or object of a sentence

• Swimming is fun.

• Taking photos helps you remember moments.

• Applying takes time.

🟡 B. After prepositions

• He’s good at drawing.

• You don’t end up forgetting to text someone.

• They talked about going on a trip.

🎯 Tip: After any preposition (at, in, on, about, without, etc.), always use the -ing form!

Match

🧩 MATCHING PAIRS

• in a market.

• There are three people

• Taking photos helps...

• Swimming is...

I think this photo shows a typical scene

and a few others in the background.

you remember the moment.

fun and healthy.

• I think this photo shows a typical scene

• and a few others in the background.

• you remember the moment.

• fun and healthy.

Verb + Preposition Collocations – Talk to, Talk about, and More!

👂 Some verbs are followed by prepositions — and changing the preposition can change the meaning!

✅ Verb + to (when the action goes to someone):

• talk to / speak to / explain to / listen to
  ➤ Who were you talking to?
  ➤ She explained the rules to me.
  ➤ Please listen to your teacher!

🧠 Careful!
→ You say something to someone, but you tell someone something.
✔ He told me the answer.
✔ She said hello to me.

Common Verb Confusions – Choose the Right One!

🟡 A. tell vs. talk

• Tell = give information
  ✔ Tell me the truth.

• Talk (to) = have a conversation
  ✔ I talked to my best friend about the game.

🟡 B. say vs. speak

• Say = say words
  ✔ Say “hello.”

• Speak = use a language or talk formally
  ✔ She speaks three languages.

🟡 C. hear vs. listen (to)

• Hear = passive – you notice a sound
  ✔ Can you hear me?

• Listen (to) = active – you focus
  ✔ Listen to this amazing song!

🎯 Tip for you:
Don’t just memorize verbs—learn them with their prepositions! That’s how native speakers speak naturally.

Match

🧩 MATCHING PAIRS: Verb + Preposition Collocations

• ______ us a story.

• She didn’t ______ me the answer.

• I usually ______ to my friends.

• ______ the alphabet in English.

• We ______ two languages at home.

Tell

tell

talk

Say

speak

• Tell

• tell

• talk

• Say

• speak

“Adjetivos extremos” – ¡No uses “very”!

🧠 Adjetivos extremos = Adjetivos que ya son muy fuertes
(Ej. furious = muy enojado, terrified = muy asustado)

💥 En vez de “very”, usamos:

• Absolutely = absolutamente

• Really = realmente

Incorrecto	Correcto	Traducción
I was very furious.	I was absolutely furious.	Estaba realmente furioso.
She was very terrified.	She was absolutely terrified.	Ella estaba totalmente aterrada.

📌 TIP:
Usa “very” con adjetivos normales → very hungry, very tired
Usa “absolutely” con adjetivos extremos → absolutely starving, absolutely exhausted

“Quite” y “Very” – ¿Qué tan fuerte es el adjetivo?

🧠 Palabras clave:

• Quite = bastante (menos intensidad)

• Very = muy (más intensidad)

✨ Ejemplos:

• He's very funny. → Él es muy gracioso.

• I'm quite lazy. → Soy bastante flojo.

📘 Regla con artículos (a/an):
Cuando hay un artículo, “very” va después del artículo y “quite” va antes.

Frase en inglés	Traducción al español
It was quite an interesting story.	Fue una historia bastante interesante
It's a very good film.	Es una película muy buena

🔴 Error común:
No usamos quite ni very con adjetivos extremos como furious, terrified, amazing.
Usamos absolutely.

✔ I was absolutely terrified.
✘ I was very terrified.

Adverbs of Frequency – “Siempre, nunca, a veces…”

🧠 Palabras clave:

• Adverbs of frequency = adverbios de frecuencia (palabras como always, never, usually, often, sometimes)

📍 Ubicación:

• Con el verbo "be" → El adverbio va después del verbo.
  ➤ She is always late. → Ella siempre llega tarde.

• Con otros verbos → El adverbio va antes del verbo principal.
  ➤ I usually eat cereal in the morning.
  → Yo usualmente como cereal en la mañana.

📘 Regla con artículos (a/an):
Cuando hay un artículo, “very” va después del artículo y “quite” va antes.

Inglés	Español
always	siempre
usually	usualmente
often	a menudo
sometimes	a veces
rarely	rara vez
never	nunca

Time Expressions – “Cuándo pasa la acción”

🧠 Palabras clave:

• Time expressions = expresiones de tiempo

• Se colocan al final de la oración (normalmente)

Inglés	Español
I go to the gym on Mondays.	Voy al gimnasio los lunes.
We have English in the afternoon.	Tenemos inglés por la tarde.
I meet up with friends at the weekend.	Me encuentro con amigos el fin de semana.

🎯 Regla práctica:

• Adverbios de frecuencia = en medio de la oración

• Expresiones de tiempo = al final (¡en la mayoría de los casos!)

Adjective + Preposition – “Cómo se conectan los adjetivos”

🎯 Palabras clave: Algunos adjetivos van seguidos de preposiciones específicas. No se pueden cambiar. Memorízalos como “parejas fijas”.

🧠 ¿Qué significa?
Estas combinaciones indican emociones o actitudes hacia algo o alguien.

Adjective + Preposition	Español	Ejemplo en inglés
afraid of	tener miedo de	I'm afraid of spiders.
bad at	malo en	He's bad at drawing.
brilliant at	brillante en	She's brilliant at dancing.
excited about	emocionado por	We're excited about the concert.
fed up with	harto de	I'm fed up with this homework.
frightened of	asustado de	The kids are frightened of clowns.
interested in	interesado en	Are you interested in science?
keen on	entusiasmado con / gustar	He's keen on football.
terrible at	terrible en	I'm terrible at remembering names.

Emotions and Daily Verbs – “Cómo te sientes y cómo actúas”

Inglés	Español	Ejemplo
happy	feliz	She feels happy with her new phone.
pleased	complacido	He was pleased with his exam result.
relaxed	relajado	I'm relaxed after the yoga class.
stressed	estresado	We're stressed because of the test.

How and When to Use “a / an / the”

​🔹 1. “a” y “an” – Significan “uno” o “una” (artículos indefinidos)

✅ Usamos “a” antes de sonidos consonantes:

• a dog, a car, a banana, a unicorn (¡suena como “ju”!)

✅ Usamos “an” antes de sonidos vocales (a, e, i, o, u):

• an apple, an orange, an hour (¡la h no suena!), an idea

📌 Recuerda: No importa la letra, ¡importa el sonido!

---

🔸 2. “the” – Usamos cuando hablamos de algo específico (artículo definido)

• I saw a dog in the street. The dog was very cute.

• The sun is bright today.

• We went to the beach last weekend.

✔️ Usamos “the” cuando:

• Ya hemos mencionado la cosa antes.

• Es única o conocida por todos.

• Hay una sola en el contexto (the moon, the internet, the principal).

---

❗Ejemplos contrastados

• I have a pencil. The pencil is red.

• I saw an elephant. The elephant had big ears.

• She wants to buy a computer, but the computer is expensive.

When NOT to Use an Article – “Zero Article”

​🔸 1. NO usamos artículos con la mayoría de nombres de países y ciudades.

Usamos el nombre directamente, sin “the”.

✅ Ecuador is beautiful.
✅ Paris is expensive.
✅ Spain has many beaches.

❌ Incorrecto: The Ecuador, The Paris ❌
🔸 2. USAMOS "the" con nombres de países que tienen palabras como "Kingdom", "States", "Republic", "Emirates", etc.

✅ The United States
✅ The United Kingdom
✅ The Dominican Republic
✅ The United Arab Emirates

Regla fácil: Si el nombre parece plural o tiene forma compuesta con un sustantivo oficial (Estados, Reino, República), lleva "the".

🔸 3. USAMOS "the" con nombres de ríos, océanos, mares, cadenas montañosas y regiones del mundo.

✅ The Amazon
✅ The Pacific Ocean
✅ The Alps
✅ The Middle East

⚠️ Ojo: No se usa "the" con montañas individuales ni lagos:

❌ The Everest → ✅ Mount Everest
❌ The Titicaca → ✅ Lake Titicaca

Nombre	¿Lleva "the"?	Comentario
The Netherlands	✅ Sí	Plural, termina en -lands
The Philippines	✅ Sí	Plural
The Sahara	✅ Sí	Región/desierto
The Vatican	✅ Sí	Estado eclesiástico
Greenland	❌ No	Nombre simple, no compuesto
The Bronx	✅ Sí	Área específica de una ciudad (NYC)

When NOT to Use an Article – “Zero Article”

​🔹 1. Lugares en general (no específicos):

• School is important.

• He’s in prison.

• I go to church every Sunday.
  (Si hablamos del edificio como lugar físico, usamos “the”: I saw him at the school.)

---

🔸 2. Idiomas, comidas y materias escolares:

• She speaks English.

• I like pizza.

• He studies math and history.
  (No se dice: ❌ She speaks the English.)

---

🔹 3. Deportes y juegos:

• They play football every weekend.

• Do you like chess?

🔸 4. Nombres propios, países o ciudades:

• Ecuador is beautiful.

• Paris is expensive.
  (Pero: the USA, the Netherlands, the Amazon)

---

🧠 Consejo final para expertos:

✔ Usa “a/an” si es la primera vez que mencionas algo.
✔ Usa “the” si ya sabes cuál es o todos lo conocen.
✔ No uses artículo si hablas de cosas en general o conceptos amplios.

---

📌 Actividad sugerida para Quizizz:

• Escoge el artículo correcto para completar frases reales.

• Empareja frases con imágenes.

• Detecta errores en oraciones.

Match

Adjective + Preposition Collocations

• afraid

• interested

• good

• excited

• bored

of

in

at

about

with

• of

• in

• at

• about

• with

Match

Adjective + Preposition Collocations

• terrible

• brilliant

• keen

• frightened

• fed up

at

at

on

of

with

• at

• at

• on

• of

• with

Match

Adjectives for Emotions + Other Vocabulary

• hang out with

• pleased

• relaxed

• achieve

• behaviour

pasar el rato con

satisfecho

relajado

lograr, alcanzar

comportamiento

• pasar el rato con

• satisfecho

• relajado

• lograr, alcanzar

• comportamiento

Match

Articles: a / an / the / no article

• I saw ___ elephant in the zoo.

• She bought ___ apple from the market.

• I read ___ interesting book last week.

• Let's go to ___ beach tomorrow.

• ___ pizza is my favorite food.

an

an

an

the

no article

• an

• an

• an

• the

• no article

Multiple Choice

I go to ___ school every day

• no article

• a

• an

• the

Multiple Choice

We visited ___ museum last weekend.

• no article

• a

• an

• the

Multiple Choice

___ Amazon is a huge rainforest..

• no article

• a

• an

• the

Multiple Choice

I love ___ football.

• no article

• a

• an

• the

Multiple Choice

He is ___ honest man.

• no article

• a

• an

• the

Multiple Choice

............. Netherlands is known for its windmills and tulips.

• no article

• a

• an

• the

Multiple Choice

----- Dominican Republic is famous for its beaches and music.

• no article

• a

• an

• the

Multiple Choice

............ United Arab Emirates has many modern buildings.

• no article

• a

• an

• the