Cardiomyopathies

Open Ended

Why is it important for sonographers to understand cardiomyopathy disease states when performing echocardiography?

Multiple Choice

Dilated CMO is characterized by multi-chamber enlargement and decreased ___ function.

• Systolic

• Diastolic

• RV

• RA

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of dilated cardiomyopathy (CMO)?

• Idiopathic

• Familial link

• Mitral valve prolapse

• Alcohol abuse

Multiple Select

Which of the following are possible complications or signs and symptoms of dilated CMO?

• Heart failure (HF)

• Decreased cardiac output (CO)

• Thickened ventricular walls

• Thrombus formation

Open Ended

How do we interrogate the apex to rule out an apical thrombus in a patient with dilated CMO?

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a common feature of hypertrophic CMO?

• Dilated left ventricle

• Hyperdynamic function

• Decreased wall thickness

• Mitral valve stenosis

Open Ended

What methods can be utilized to provoke a LVOTO?

Multiple Select

Which of the following are signs and symptoms of HCMO?

• DOE

• Pulmonary edema

• Asymptomatic

• All of the above

Open Ended

What is the leading cause of heart-related sudden death in those under the age of 30?

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a treatment option for HCMO with significant LVOTO?

• Medical therapy

• Surgical septal myectomy

• Alcohol septal ablation

• Beta-agonist therapy

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the gold standard to diagnose and assess HCMO?

• EKG

• Echo

• Cardiac MRI

• Genetic testing

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a feature of non-obstructive HCMO?

• Small LV cavity with hyperdynamic wall motion

• Myocardial brightening

• LVOTO

• LAE

Open Ended

Name the cardiomyopathy types labeled A to D in the diagrams.

Multiple Select

Which findings are present in both classic HOCM and non-obstructive HCMO?

• LVOTO

• LAE

• SAM

• Myocardial brightening

Open Ended

What causes AOV notching in HCMO as seen in the M-mode tracing?

Open Ended

What is the primary echo finding in the images shown?

Multiple Choice

What does the arrow reveal in the echocardiogram image?

• Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction

• Mitral regurgitation

• Atrial septal defect

• Pericardial effusion

Multiple Choice

What does the red line reveal in the echocardiogram image?

• Left ventricular wall thickness

• Mitral valve prolapse

• Aortic stenosis

• Right ventricular hypertrophy

Multiple Choice

What is the best method to differentiate between MR & LVOTO?

• Doppler echocardiography

• Electrocardiogram

• Chest X-ray

• Physical examination

Open Ended

What is the main difference between R/I CMO and constrictive pericarditis?

Multiple Choice

What chambers usually hypertrophy in restrictive/infiltrative cardiomyopathy?

• Ventricles

• Atria

• Both atria and ventricles

• Only left ventricle