Lecture #3: Nucleic Acids

Multiple Choice

What is the major purpose of DNA?

• To provide energy for cellular processes.
• To store and transmit genetic information.

• To act as a structural component of cells.
• To facilitate communication between cells.

Multiple Choice

What is the major purpose of RNA?

• To catalyze biochemical reactions.
• To store genetic information permanently.
• To help create proteins in the cell.

• To provide structural support to cells.

Multiple Select

What elements are found in nucleic acids?

• Nitrogen

• Oxygen

• Carbon

• Hydrogen

• Phosphorus

Multiple Choice

What is the monomer of nucleic acids?

• Amino acid
• Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine

• DNA and RNA

• Nucleotide

Multiple Select

What are the polymers of nucleic acids?

• Amino Acids

• DNA

• Nucleotides

• RNA

Labelling

Label the diagram of a nucleotide monomer.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

DNA

RNA

Nitrogen Base

Phosphate

Amino Acid

Pentose Sugar

Categorize

Options (5)

Uracil

Cytosine

Adenine

Guanine

Thymine

Match the Nucleotide to the Correct Column

DNA ONLY

DNA & RNA

RNA ONLY

Match

What nitrogen bases bond between DNA and RNA?

• Adenine

• Guanine

• Cytosine

• Thymine

Uracil

Cytosine

Guanine

Adenine

• Uracil

• Cytosine

• Guanine

• Adenine

Multiple Choice

What determines protein structure?

• The sequence of nucleotides on DNA.

• The protein chain's amino acid sequence.

• The temperature of the environment.
• The length of the protein chain.

Match

Which nitrogen bases bond with each other in DNA?

• Adenine

• Thymine

• Guanine

• Cytosine

Thymine

Adenine

Cytosine

Guanine

• Thymine

• Adenine

• Cytosine

• Guanine

Multiple Choice

What is the sugar phosphate backbone and how is it formed?

• The sugar phosphate backbone holds together nucleotides.

  Formed by condensation reactions.

• The sugar phosphate backbone is a component of proteins.

  Formed by condensation reaction.

• The backbone is formed by hydrogen bonds between nucleotides.

  Formed by hydrolysis reactions.

• The sugar phosphate backbone is made of only sugar molecules.

  Formed by hydrolysis reactions.

Multiple Select

What are 3 main differences between DNA and RNA?

• DNA has thymine while RNA has uracil.

• DNA has a deoxyribose sugar and RNA has a ribose sugar

• DNA is double stranded and RNA is single stranded

• DNA has uracil while RNA has thymine.

Match

Match the type of RNA to the function.

• mRNA

• rRNA

• tRNA

take copies of the DNA code to ribosomes

The ribosome, which makes proteins

Carries amino acids to the ribosome

• take copies of the DNA code to ribosomes

• The ribosome, which makes proteins

• Carries amino acids to the ribosome

Multiple Choice

Why is complementary base pairing important?

• It helps in protein folding.
• It prevents mutations in RNA

• It allows for faster cell division through mitosis.

• It delivers a copy of the DNA strand without damaging it.

Multiple Choice

What do scientists mean when they say the genetic code is universal?

• The genetic code is only found in animals and plants.
• The genetic code varies significantly between different species. Each genetic code means different things in different organisms.

• The genetic code is a recent discovery unique to humans. Other species do not have DNA.

• The genetic code is universal because it is consistent across nearly all living organisms, indicating a shared evolutionary heritage.