Placenta

Multiple Choice

What is the decidua basalis

• a type of fetal tissue.

• the outer layer of the amniotic sac.

• the maternal portion of the placenta

• the fetal portion of the placenta

Multiple Choice

What is the chorion frondosum?

• the fetal part of the placenta

• the maternal part of the placenta

• a type of fetal tissue unrelated to the placenta

• The outer layer of the amniotic sac

Multiple Choice

Which structure forms the fetal part of the placenta and contains villi?

• Chorion frondosum

• Chorion laeve

• Decidua basalis

• Amniotic sac

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an endometrial reaction that happens opposite the side of implantation?

• Chorionic reaction

• Decidua Vera

• Decidua basalis

• Decidua capsularis

Fill in the Blank

The major functioning unit of the placenta is the ___ villus.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following materials can be stored in the placenta?

• Carbohydrates

• Proteins

• Calcium

• All of the above

Multiple Select

Which of the following are functions of the placenta?

• Respiration

• Nutrition

• Excretion

• Absorption

Fill in the Blank

The normal umbilical cord inserts _____________ into the placenta

Multiple Select

Which of the following are considered abnormal cordal attachments?

• Battledore

• Velamentous

• Central

• Marginal

Multiple Choice

What part of the placenta produces estrogen and progesterone?

• The umbilical cord
• Synctiotrophoblast

• Cytotrophoblast

• The decidua

Multiple Choice

At what earliest gestational age can the placenta be identified using sonography?

• 8 weeks

• 12 weeks

• 20 weeks

• 4 weeks

Fill in the Blank

The maximum diameter of the placenta after 23 weeks is usually ___ cm.

Multiple Choice

Which conditions can lead to an increase in placental size (placentomegaly) as seen on sonographic analysis?

• Rh sensitization, diabetes, congenital anomalies

• Hypertension, preeclampsia, infection

• Preterm labor, oligohydramnios, polyhydramnios

• Fetal growth restriction, maternal age, smoking

Multiple Select

Which of the following are correct regarding placental location and migration as determined by sonographic analysis?

• Placental migration is a true movement of the placenta.

• Succenturiate placenta involves additional lobes attached by blood vessels.

• Placental migration is actually caused by growth of the uterus.

• Placental location can be anterior, posterior, fundal, or previa.

Multiple Select

Calcifications are accelerated with what?

• hypertension

• IUGR

• maternal diabetes

• Rh sensitization

• smoking

Multiple Select

Which of the following are characteristics of Grade 0 placental grading?

• Smooth, well-defined borders

• Homogenous echotexture

• Irregular basal plate

• No echogenicities

Multiple Choice

Which of the following features is characteristic of Grade 1 placental grading?

• Indentation of the fetal surface

• Comma-like indentations of the fetal surface

• Complete circles of calcifications

• Highly echogenic basal echoes with shadowing

Fill in the Blank

Fill in the blank: In Grade II placental grading, there are ___ echogenic densities and commalike densities.

Multiple Choice

Which placental grade is described by the presence of echogenic areas randomly dispersed in the placental substance and subtle indentations of the chorionic plate?

• Grade 0

• Grade I

• Grade II

• Grade III

Multiple Choice

Which of the following features can be observed in a Grade 3 placenta on ultrasound imaging?

• Smooth chorionic plate

• Echogenic areas randomly dispersed

• Ringlike calcifications

• No calcifications

Multiple Choice

Approximately what percent of placentas will reach a grade 3 placenta grading by 40 weeks gestation?

• 5-10%

• 15-20%

• 25-30%

• 30-35%

Multiple Choice

What type of placenta previa is classified as the placenta touch the internal os, but not crossing it?

• complete previa

• marginal

• low-lying

• normal placenta

Multiple Choice

What term describes the chorionic villi being attached to the myometrium without muscular invasion; mildest form, most common?

• placenta accreta

• placenta increta

• placenta percreta

Multiple Choice

What term describes the penetration of the chorionic villi through the uterus; rarest form, most severe form?

• placenta accreta

• placenta increta

• placenta percreta

Multiple Choice

What term describes a placenta that extends beyond the chorionic plate or the attachment of the placental membranes to the fetal surface of the placenta rather than to the underlying villous placental margin?

• circumvallate placenta

• annular placenta

• placenta previa

• placenta membrancea

Fill in the Blank

___________ lobe describes one or more small lobes in addition to the main placenta.

Multiple Choice

Which bleeds are more likely to resolve?

• 1st trimester

• 2nd trimester

• 3rd trimester

• post-delivery

Fill in the Blank

Placental ____________ describes when the premature placental detachment of a normally implanted placenta before delivery

Open Ended

How do the different types of decidua contribute to the process of implantation and early pregnancy?

Multiple Choice

What are the main types of decidual changes during embryogenesis?

• Decidua basalis, Decidua capsularis, Decidua vera (parietalis)

• Decidua basalis, Decidua compacta, Decidua spongiosa

• Decidua capsularis, Decidua compacta, Decidua spongiosa

• Decidua vera, Decidua compacta, Decidua basalis

Multiple Choice

6-8. A 28-year-old G4P2 at 20 weeks' gestation presents for her fetal anatomical survey. There have been no pregnancy complications to date. The placenta is imaged with the findings shown below. What do you document on the ultrasound report?

• Posterior placenta

• Posterior placenta with chorioangioma

• Posterior placenta with succenturiate lobe

• Posterior placenta with remote subchorionic hematoma

Fill in the Blank

What is the major functional unit of the placenta?

Multiple Choice

Deoxygenated blood returns to the placenta via what?

• umbilical vein

• umbilical artery

• portal vein

• hepatic vein

• hepatic artery

Multiple Choice

Oxygenated blood enters the fetus via what?

• umbilical vein

• umbilical artery

• portal vein

• placental vein

• hepatic artery