DE_LE_5.2.2

​DE_LE_5.2.2_What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

By NickBeth Meyer

Prokaryotes:
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Nucleoid: A central region of the cell that contains its DNA. Ribosome: Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis. Cell wall: The cell wall provides structure and protection from the outside environment. Most bacteria that include this have a rigid cell wall made from carbohydrates and proteins called peptidoglycans. Cell membrane: Every prokaryote has a cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, that separates the cell from the outside environment. Capsule: Some bacteria have a layer of carbohydrates that surrounds the cell wall called the capsule. The capsule helps the bacterium attach to surfaces and protects it from harmful substances or conditions. Pili: Pili, also referred to as fimbriae, are rod-shaped structures involved in multiple roles, including attachment and DNA transfer. Flagella: Flagella are thin, tail-like structures that assist in movement.

​Eukaryotes

Nucleus: The nucleus stores the genetic information in chromatin form. Nucleolus: Found inside of the nucleus, the nucleolus is the part of eukaryotic cells where ribosomal RNA is produced. Plasma membrane: The plasma membrane is a phospholipid bilayer that surrounds the entire cell and encompasses the organelles within. Cytoskeleton: The system of protein fibers and other molecules that gives shape to the cell, aiding in the correct positioning of organelles. Cell wall: The cell wall is only found in certain eukaryotes, such as plant cells, and is a rigid covering that provides structural support and protection to the cell. Ribosomes: Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis. Mitochondria: Mitochondria, also known as the powerhouses of the cell, are responsible for energy production. Cytoplasmic space: The cytoplasmic space is the region of the cell between the nuclear envelope and plasma membrane. Cytoplasm: The cytoplasm is defined as the total inner-cellular volume, with the exception of the nucleus, and includes the cytosol and all organelles. Cytosol: The cytosol, which consists of a gel-like substance, accounts for all the material in the cytoplasm, excluding the contents of the various membrane-bound organelles. Endoplasmic reticulum: The endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle dedicated to protein maturation and transportation. Vesicles and vacuoles: Vesicles and vacuoles are membrane-bound sacs involved in transportation and storage.

Multiple Choice

What type of organism (cell) type are humans?

• prokaryotes

• eukaryotes