Unit 2 Lesson 1

​Levels of Organization

Open Ended

What is Cell Differentiation?

Organism can be unicellular-made of one cell, or multicellular-made of more than one cell. You've learned that your own body has trillions of cells! Multicellular organisms have different types of cells that each perform a specific job.
As Multicellular organisms grow, cells divide to produce new cells. The first cells made can become any type of cell, such as a muscle cell, a nerve cell or a blood cell through the process of cell differentiation. As the number of cells in an organism increases, similar types of cells are organized into groups

​How are cells organized in the body?

Poll

What type of cell do you think this is?

• Muscle

• Nervous

• Blood

• Epithelial

• Bone

Poll

What type of cell do you think this is?

• Muscle

• Nervous

• Blood

• Epithelial

• Bone

Poll

What type of cell do you think this is?

• Muscle

• Nervous

• Blood

• Epithelial

• Bone

Poll

What type of cell do you think this is?

• Muscle

• Nervous

• Blood

• Epithelial

• Bone

Poll

What type of cell do you think this is?

• Muscle

• Nervous

• Blood

• Epithelial

• Bone

​Muscle
Cell

​Blood
Cell

​Nervous
Cell

​Bone
Cell

​Epithelial
Cell

​Generation Genius
Multicellular Organisms

Link

​How are cells organized in the body?

Cells group together to form tissues. Tissues are groups of similar types of cells that work together to carry out specific tasks. Humans, like most other animals, have four main types of tissue-muscle, connective, nervous, and epithelial (eh puh THEE lee ul). Muscle tissue, shown in the photo to the right, causes movement. Connective tissue provides structure and support and often connects other types of tissue together. Nervous Tissue carries messages to a nd from the brain. Epithelial tissue forms the protective outer layer of the skin and the lining of major organs and internal body cavities

This muscle tissue contracts the stomach to help digestion

​How are cells organized in the body?

Plants also have different tupes of tissues. The three main types of plant tissue are dermal, vascular (VAS kyuh lur), and ground tissue. Dermal tissue provides protection and helps reduce water loss. Vascular tissue, shown in the photo to the right, transports water and nutrients from one part of a plant to another. Ground tissue provides storage and support and is where photosynthesis takes place.

Plant vascular tissue, indicated by arrows, move water and nutrients throughout the plant.

Write and argument that explains which human tissue is most similar in function to dermal tissue in plants


Page : 3 minutes

​THREE-DIMENSIONAL THINKING

Multiple Choice

Which term describes the process by which cells become different type of cells?

• Transcription
• Differentiation
• Replication
• Translation

Multiple Choice

Which term describes a group of cells that work together to carry out a specific task?

• Organism
• Cell
• Organ
• Tissue

Collect Evidence

How are cells grouped together in an organism to form a larger system within the body, similar to the way dots in pointillism art are organized? Return to the Claim/Evidence/Reasoning graphic organizer CER: Explain the Phenomenon. Record your evidence (A) in the Chart.

When similar cells are grouped together, they become a tissue. What do you think happens when tissues are organized into groups? Today we will simulate how cells form tissue by completing the Making Bodies investigation.

​How are tissues organized in the body?

Look at the cell card provided by your teacher. Move around the room and meet up with other students to form a tissue-either muscle tissue, connective tissue, nervous tissue, epithelial tissue, dermal tissue, vascular tissue, or ground tissue. What tissue did you make? How did you know which students to meet up with?

Making Bodies

Now you will form a larger part of either a plant or animal. If you are in an animal tissue group, meet up with all the other animal tissues, and if you are in a plant tissue group, meet up with all other plant tissues groups. Explain what part of the plant or animal you could be making. What larger body part do you think tissues form?

Making Bodies

Now you will form a larger part of either a plant or animal. If you are in an animal tissue group, meet up with all the other animal tissues, and if you are in a plant tissue group, meet up with all other plant tissues groups. Explain what part of the plant or animal you could be making.

Making Bodies

Collect Evidence

How are tissues grouped together in an organism to form a larger system within the body, similar to the way dots in pointillism art are organized? Return to the Claim/Evidence/Reasoning graphic organizer CER: Explain the phenomenon. Record your evidence (B) in the chart.

Complex jobs in organisms require more than one type of tissue. Organs are groups of different tissues working together to perform a particular job. For example, your stomach shown in the image below, is an organ specializied for breaking down food. It is made of all four types of tissue; muscle, epithelial, nervous, and connective. Each type of tissue performs a specific

​How are tissues organized in the body?

function necessary for the stomach to work properly. Layers of muscle tissue contract and break up pieces of food, epithelial tissue lines the stomach, nervous tissue sends signals to indicate the stomach is full and connective tissue supports the stomach wall.

Plants also have organs. Leaves are organs specialized for photosynthesis. Each Leaf is made of dermal, ground, and vascular tissues. Dermal tissue cover the outer surface of the leaf. The leaf is vital organ because it contains ground tissue that produces food for the rest of the plant. Ground tissue is where photosynthesis take place. The ground tissue is tight packed on the top half of a leaf. The vascular tissue moves both the food produced by photosynthesis and water thought the leaf and the rest of the plant.

​How are tissues organized in the body?

Multiple Choice

Which term describes groups of different tissues that work together to perform a particular job.

• Organs
• Cells
• Tissues
• Systems

Multiple Choice

What type of tissue is tightly packed on the top half of leaves?

• Ground Tissue

• Vascular Tissue

• Dermal Tissue

• Chloroplasts Tissue

​How are organs organized?

Each Individual organ is important to an organism's survival. What important functions occur when organs are organized into groups? Think about all the different tasks bodies perform to stay alive. Brainstorm the different functions of the organ systems at the right. What organ systems do you think need to work together to perform that function? How do you think these organs work together to perform that functions?

Human Body Diagram:
Circulatory, Digestive, Excretory, and respiratory systems

Open Ended

Brainstorm the different functions of the organ systems shown. What organ systems do you think need to work together to perform that function? How do you think these organs work together to perform that particular functions?

Usually organs do not function alone. Instead, organ systems are groups of different organs that work together to complete a series of tasks. For example, the human digestive system is made of many organs including the stomach, the small intestine, the liver, and the large intestine. These organs and others all work together to break down food and take it into the body.
Plants have two major organ systems-the shoot system and the root system. The shoot system includes leaves, stems, and flowers. Food and water are transported throughout the plant by the shoot system anchors the pant and takes in water and nutrients.

​How are organs organized in the body?

Collect Evidence

How are tissues grouped together in an organism to form a larger system within the body, similar to the way dots in pointillism art are organized? Return to the Claim/Evidence/Reasoning graphic organizer CER: Explain the phenomenon. Record your evidence (C) in the chart.

In a multicellular organism, similar cells work together and make a tissue. Tissues are organized into organs, and organs are organized into organ systems which work together to keep an organism functioning. How can you model the levels of organization in an organism?

​How are organ systems organized in the body?

​

​LAB: Organism Organization

​

1. Read and complete a lab safety form.

2. Your teacher will give you a cardboard shape, macaroni, and a permanent marker.

3. The macaroni represents cells, Use the marker to draw a small circle on each piece of macaroni. This represents the nucleus.

4. Arrange and glue enough macaroni on the blank side of the cardboard shape to cover it. Your group of similar cells represents a TISSUE

5. One of the squares on the back of your shape is labeled A,B, C, or D. Find the group with the matching Letter. Line up these squares, and use tape to connect the two tissues. This represents an ORGAN

6. Repeat step 5 with the squares labeled E or F. This represents an ORGAN SYSTEM.

1. Read and complete a lab safety form.

2. Your teacher will give you a cardboard shape, macaroni, and a permanent marker.

3. The macaroni represents cells, Use the marker to draw a small circle on each piece of macaroni. This represents the nucleus.

4. Arrange and glue enough macaroni on the blank side of the cardboard shape to cover it. Your group of similar cells represents a TISSUE

5. One of the squares on the back of your shape is labeled A,B, C, or D. Find the group with the matching Letter. Line up these squares, and use tape to connect the two tissues. This represents an ORGAN

6. Repeat step 5 with the squares labeled E or F. This represents an ORGAN SYSTEM.

7. Connect the organ system by aligning the squares labeled G to represent and organism.

Multicellular organism usually have many organs systems. These systems work together to carry out all the jobs needed for the survival of the organisms. For Example, the cells in the leaves and the stems of a plant need water to live. They cannot absorb water Directly. Water diffuses into the roots and is transported through the stem to the leaves by the shoot, or transport, system.

​Organisms

Open Ended

Which of the Organ Systems do you think work together to get the energy from you lunch to your cells?

In the human body, there are many major organ systems. Each organ system depends on the other and cannot work alone. For Example, the cells in the muscle tissue of the stomach cannot survive without oxygen. The stomach cannot get oxygen without working together with the respiratory and circulatory systems.

​Organisms

Reorder

Cade is making a presentation of the way systems are organized in plants and animals for his science class. What you be the correct order for him to present his presentation?

• Cells

• Tissue

• Organs

• Organ System

• Organism

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

Multiple Choice

These structures are an example of which level or organization within the organism?

• The structures make up an organelle.

• The structures make up an organ system.

• The structures make up a specialized cell.

• The structures make up a tissue.

Open Ended

There are many different disorders and diseases that affect a person's blood cells. Some of these disorders and diseases require blood transfusions- taking blood from a healthy donor and inserting it into the veins of the person in need. Write an argument in support of donating blood to help people who suffer from these disorders, explaining how disorders and diseases of blood cells can affect larger systems in the body and the functioning of a person as a whole.