Module F Unit 2 Lesson 1 - Earth's Oceans and the Ocean Floor

Unit 2 Lesson 1

Earth's Oceans and the Ocean Floor

What lies within and beneath Earth's Oceans?

By the end of this lesson, you should be able to describe the properties and physical features of Earth's oceans.

Labelling

Label the Earth's Oceans in this image...

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Arctic Ocean

Indian Ocean

Atlantic Ocean

Pacific Ocean

Southern Ocean

Multiple Choice

About how much of Earth's surface is covered by oceans?

• 3/4

• 1/2

• 7/8

• 1/4

Multiple Choice

How are depth and temperature of the ocean related?

• The ocean is colder near the surface and warmest at greater depths

• Water is warmest near the surface and coldest near the deep zones

• The ocean is more turbulent at greater depths thus creating stable temperatures

• The ocean is more saline at greater depths

​Deep-Ocean Basin

Mid-Ocean Ridge

Ocean Trench

​Salinity

Thermocline

Continental Margin

Unit 2 Lesson 1 Vocabulary

- Earth's oceans make up approxamately 97% of Earth's water

- About 3/4 of the Earth is covered by oceans.

- Earth's oceans can be up to 11 km deep!

​

​Pale Blue Dot

Labelling

Label the Earth's Oceans in this image...

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Pacific Ocean

Atlantic Ocean

Southern Ocean

Indian Ocean

Arctic Ocean

​Chemical characteristics include...

- Salinity - the amount and type of dissolved salts

- The amount and type of gasses in the seawater.

Its physical characteristics include temperature and density.

​

What are some of the characteristics of ocean water?

- Overall salinity of seawater is about 3.5%

- Dissolved salts come from different sources - Rocks under the surface and volcanoes

- Salinity of seawater is relatively steady, but can vary based on a number of factors.

​

Salinity

- Ocean water varies by latitude, depth, and season.

- Three distinct temperature layers

- Surface Zone - Warmest

- Thermocline - Temp drops with increased depth

- Deep Zone - Coldest

- By Latitude it is warmer near the equator and coldest near the poles.

​

Temperature

- Density depends on temperature and salinity

- Salt water is denser than fresh waster due to the salinity content.

- Temperature also affects density - Colder is denser

- Temp affects the density of ocean water more than salinity.

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Density

Open Ended

How would an increase in salinity and a decrease in temperature effect the density of ocean water?

Open Ended

What are some ways that the salinity of ocean water can increase? How about decrease?

- Drones

- Submersibles

- Sattilites

- Sonar

- Drilling

Each has its own benefits and drawbacks.

Considered Earth's "Final Frontier"

​

​Exploring the Ocean Floor

- The ocean floor is a complex and vast space.

- Many of the features that we will discuss, you have already learned about.

Features include

- Mid Ocean Ridge

- Ocean Trenches

- Abyssal Plains

- Continental Shelf

- Sea mounts

- Many Others!!!

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​Deep Ocean Features

Match

Match the following

• continental slope

• seamount

• abyssal plain

• mid ocean ridges

• volcanic island

A

B

C

D

E

• A

• B

• C

• D

• E

Multiple Choice

the newest ocean floor would be found where

• mid ocean ridge

• The Gulf of Mexico

• The South Pacific

• The Red Sea

Multiple Choice

what type of rock is made when seafloor spreading occurs and makes up most of the ocean floor

• igneous rock

• Sandstone

• Shale

• Coal

Multiple Choice

The Mariana __________ is the deepest known place on Earth

• Volcanoe

• Seamount

• Ridge

• Trench

Multiple Choice

What is the source of most of the salt in the ocean?

• human activites.

• rocks and land

• fish

• wind

Multiple Choice

How many named oceans are there?

• 2

• 3

• 5

• 6

Multiple Choice

What is the scientific name for the drop off in Nemo?

• continental shelf

• continental slope

• abyssal plain

• mid-ocean ridge

Multiple Choice

What is the name of the feature of the ocean floor that you encounter when you first step into the ocean?

• Continental shelf

• continental slope

• abyssal plain

• mid-ocean ridge

Multiple Choice

_______ is the amount of dissolved salts that are present in water.

• Salinity

• Density

• Sediment

• Porosity

Multiple Choice

The largest ocean is the _______ Ocean, which contains nearly 50 percent of Earth’s ocean water.

• Pacific

• Indian

• Atlantic

• Southern

Multiple Choice

T/F: Salinity varies slightly from one location to another as a result of the water cycle and climate variations.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

The water cycle can lower salinity in regions with _____ precipitation.

• heavy

• light

• little

• small

Multiple Choice

Salinity increases in areas of high __________.

• evaporation

• transpiration

• condensation

• sublimation

Multiple Select

Scientists divide the ocean into three temperature layers based on depth:

• the surface layer

• the thermocline

• the deep zone.

• the atmosphere

Multiple Choice

__________ affect the density of ocean water.

• Temperature and salinity

• Only salinity

• Only temperature

• Neither temperature nor salinity

Multiple Choice

The ______ of the water increases as its salinity increases.

• density

• flavor

• liquidity

• flow

Multiple Choice

Ocean water becomes denser as its temperature _______.

• decreases

• increases

• remains constant

• sharply increases

Multiple Select

Which of these are methods used by scientists to study the ocean floor?

• sonar

• sattelites

• underwater vessels

• drilling

Multiple Choice

______ uses sound waves to map the ocean floor.

• sonar

• drilling

• dredging

• w

Multiple Select

Ocean floor features are often divided into two large regions:

• the continental margin

• the deep-ocean basin

• the shallow basin

• the continental breakfast

Multiple Choice

Nearly __ percent of Earth’s surface is covered by water.

• 70

• 50

• 45

• 15