Exploration and Conquest

Open Ended

What were some of the main motivations behind European exploration and conquest during the Age of Exploration?

Multiple Choice

Which of the following was a significant factor in the Portuguese expansion during the Age of Exploration?

• Desire for new trade routes

• Search for religious freedom

• Escape from political turmoil

• Interest in art and literature

Multiple Choice

What was the primary motivation behind Prince Henry of Portugal's efforts in establishing a naval academy and supporting maritime exploration?

• To seek a maritime route to the riches of the trans-Saharan trade routes

• To conquer new territories in Asia

• To spread Christianity across Africa

• To escape Ottoman control

Multiple Select

Which of the following were results of the voyages financed by Italian Genoese traders and Portuguese/Castilian trading voyages?

• Discovery of the Canaries

• Discovery of the Cape Verde Islands

• Discovery of São Tomé

• Discovery of the Caribbean

Open Ended

How did the development of fortified trading posts along the African coast impact European interactions with local kingdoms and the spread of diseases?

Fill in the Blanks

By 1500, sugar from Madeira was available in small, expensive quantities in cities such as London, Paris, Rome, and

.

Multiple Choice

Who reached India in 1497, opening a highly profitable trade route for Portugal?

• Christopher Columbus

• Vasco da Gama

• Ferdinand Magellan

• Bartolomeu Dias

Multiple Choice

According to historians, approximately how many Africans were sold in the trans-Saharan slave trade between A.D. 700 and 1900?

• 1 million

• 5 million

• 9 million

• 15 million

Multiple Select

Which of the following were locations where the Portuguese transported African slaves to work on sugar plantations?

• Cape Verde Islands

• Azores

• Madeira Islands

• West Indies

Multiple Choice

Why did Portuguese merchants initially establish forts at small port cities like Elmina in 1482?

• To buy gold and slaves from African princes and warlords

• To explore new lands for colonization

• To spread Christianity to Africa

• To escape European conflicts

Open Ended

How did the Atlantic slave trade change after 1550, and what impact did this have on the Americas?

Fill in the Blanks

The Spanish monarchs who financed Columbus's voyage were Ferdinand II of Aragon and

I of Castile.

Multiple Choice

What was Columbus tasked with by Ferdinand and Isabella when planning his journey?

• Finding a western route to Asia and carrying Christianity to its peoples

• Conquering new lands for Spain

• Establishing trade with African kingdoms

• Mapping the Atlantic coastline

Open Ended

Describe the challenges Columbus faced during his first voyage and his initial impressions upon reaching the Caribbean.

Fill in the Blanks

Columbus began the colonization of the

Indies, transporting more than a thousand Spanish settlers.

Multiple Choice

Who was America named after?

• Christopher Columbus

• Amerigo Vespucci

• Hernán Cortés

• Moctezuma

Open Ended

Explain how disease contributed to the Spanish victory over the Aztec empire.

Multiple Choice

What made the Incas particularly vulnerable to Spanish conquest in the 1520s?

• Lack of weapons

• Internal fighting and disease

• No knowledge of Europeans

• Poor leadership

Open Ended

Discuss the long-term demographic impact of the Spanish invasion on the populations of Mesoamerica and Peru.

Multiple Select

Which of the following contributed to the decline of native populations in the Americas after the Spanish invasion?

• Disease

• Warfare

• Internal fighting among natives

• Technological advancement

Multiple Choice

How did the establishment of sugar plantations in Brazil impact both the labor force and the global sugar market?

• It led to the use of African slaves and made Brazil the world's leading sugar producer.

• It resulted in the decline of sugar production in Brazil.

• It encouraged only Native Americans to work on plantations.

• It had no significant impact on the global sugar market.

Open Ended

Explain how the Portuguese and Spanish colonization efforts contributed to the phenomenon known as the Columbian Exchange.

Open Ended

After learning about Exploration and Conquest, how do you think these events have shaped the modern world?

Open Ended

What is one question you still have about the Portuguese Expansion or the broader topic of Exploration and Conquest?