Cell Cycle and Cancer Notes

Multiple Choice

What is the significance of understanding the cell cycle in relation to cancer?

• It helps us understand how cells grow and divide, which is crucial for cancer research.

• It only explains how cells die, which is unrelated to cancer.

• It is mainly important for plant biology, not human health.

• It is used to study animal behavior, not cell biology.

Multiple Choice

How do cells change and develop from a single cell into a fully grown human?

• Cells develop from a zygote into a fully grown human through cell division and differentiation.

• Cells grow through the absorption of nutrients from the environment.
• Cells develop by merging with other cells to form larger structures.
• Cells change by undergoing spontaneous mutations without any division.

Multiple Choice

Which process gives rise to many identical cells after fertilization?

• Mitosis

• Meiosis

• Differentiation

• Fertilization

Multiple Select

Which of the following are types of stem cells?

• Embryonic stem cells

• Adult stem cells

• Muscle cells

• Nerve cells

Multiple Select

What is the difference between embryonic and adult STEM cells?

• Embryonic stem cells are limited to specific tissues.
• Embryonic stem cells have never been differentiated.

• Embryonic stem cells are multipotent , while adult stem cells are pluripotent.

• adult stem cells are are partially differentiated.

Multiple Choice

The process by which an implanted blastocyst becomes an embryo with three differentiated germ layers is called ___.

• gastrulation
• implantation
• cleavage
• fertilization

Reorder

Arrange the following in order from simplest to most complex:

• cell

• tissue

• organ

• organ system

• organism

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a main phase of the cell cycle?

• Interphase

• Mitosis

• Cytokinesis

• Photosynthesis

Multiple Choice

Which phase of the cell cycle is responsible for DNA replication, resulting in two full sets of chromosomes by the end of interphase?

• G1 phase

• S phase

• G2 phase

• M phase

Multiple Select

Which of the following are correct descriptions of chromosome structure?

• Chromatid is one half of a duplicated chromosome.

• Centromere is the region that looks pinched in a chromosome.

• Telomere is the center of the chromosome.

• Sister chromatids are two identical chromatids.

Fill in the Blank

During the S phase of interphase, DNA replication results in the formation of ___ chromatids for each chromosome.

Reorder

Arrange the following stages of mitosis in the correct order:

• Prophase

• Metaphase

• Anaphase

• Telophase

• Cytokinesis begins

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

Multiple Choice

During which phase of the cell cycle do chromosomes condense and become visible as sister chromatids?

• Prophase

• Metaphase

• Anaphase

• Telophase

Multiple Select

What happens during metaphase of mitosis?

• Chromosomes align in the middle of the cell.

• Spindle fibers attach to their centromeres.

• Spindle fibers disassemble and chromosomes move to opposite poles.
• Chromosomes are replicated and begin to separate.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following happens during Anaphase of mitosis?

• Sister chromatids are separated and move to opposite poles.
• Chromosomes align at the equatorial plate.
• Nuclear envelope re-forms around the chromosomes.
• Spindle fibers disassemble completely.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following events occur during telophase?

• Chromosomes condense and become visible

• Chromosomes decondense and start to look like chromatin

• Spindle fibers form out of centrioles

• Sister chromatids separate

Fill in the Blank

In plant cells, the cell plate forms midway between divided nuclei and gradually develops into a ___.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following cell types divides the fastest?

• Internal lining of intestines

• Skin cells

• Red blood cells

• Liver cells

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of an external signal that regulates the cell cycle?

• Hormone

• DNA inside the cell

• Nucleus shrinking

• Tumor formation

Multiple Choice

At which points in the cell cycle do checkpoints regulate the cycle?

• G1, G2, and M phases

• S and G2 phases only

• G0 and S phases

• M and S phases

Fill in the Blank

Apoptosis is also known as programmed cell ___.

Multiple Choice

What is cancer?

• Cancer is a disease caused by the uncontrolled division of abnormal cells.
• Cancer is a form of bacteria that can be treated with antibiotics.
• Cancer is a type of virus that spreads through contact.
• Cancer is a genetic disorder that only affects children.

Multiple Select

What is the difference between benign and malignant tumors?

• Benign tumors are non-cancerous and do not spread.

• Malignant tumors are non-cancerous and do not spread.
• Malignant tumors are cancerous and can invade and spread.

• Benign tumors are always larger than malignant tumors.

Multiple Select

What are 3 things that can cause cancer?

• inherited traits

• Tobacco smoke

• UV Radiation

• Excessive sugar intake
• High protein diet

Fill in the Blank

The process by which a baby grows into an adult is called ___.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a factor that can cause cancer?

• Inherited genetic mutations

• Exposure to UV radiation

• HPV infection

• Regular physical activity