Unit 2A FCS Review

Multiple Choice

DNA replication results in two DNA molecules. What is true about each of the two new DNA molecules?

• Each new DNA molecule has two newly synthesized strands.
• Each new DNA molecule contains two original strands.
• Each new DNA molecule is identical to the original.
• Each new DNA molecule contains one original strand and one newly synthesized strand.

Multiple Choice

Mary created a chart that compared DNA and RNA but she made a mistake. What is the mistake?

• DNA remains in the nucleus while RNA leaves the nucleus

• DNA is single stranded while RNA is double stranded

• DNA has ribose sugar while RNA has deoxyribose sugar

• DNA has uracil as a base while RNA has thymine as a base

Dropdown

The diagram shows a process that occurs inside of the nucleus and a process that occurs outside of the nucleus. The process that occurs inside of the nucleus is​

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where​

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. The process that occurs outside of the nucleus is​

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where​ ​

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.

Multiple Choice

There are 9 essential amino acids that mammals cannot make an therefore must be consumed in their diet. If these amino acids are not plentiful enough in the diet, what process would be difficult to complete and why?

• Transcription because the mRNA will not be able to be synthesized due to the lack of amino acids.

• Translation because the mRNA will not be able to synthesized due to the lack of amino acids.

• Transcription because the tRNA will not have enough of the correct amino acids to use.

• Translation because the tRNA will not have enough of the correct amino acids to use.

Multiple Choice

Just as mistakes can be made when a person copies written text, mistakes can be made in the process of DNA replication (when DNA is copied to be placed in new cells). These mistakes can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral to the interpretation of the information. Look at the table, which statement BEST describes the effect of structural changes to genes?

• Structural changes to genes always result in beneficial effects on proteins.
• Structural changes to genes have no impact on protein folding or function.
• Structural changes to genes only lead to harmful effects on protein function.
• 
  Structural changes can affect the way the protein folds, which can affect the way the protein functions.

Multiple Choice

A group of students is investigating gene mutations. They learn about a mutation that causes albino traits in house cats. The image shows the physical appearance and 4 codons of a DNA sequence of a cat with the albino mutation and a cat without the albino mutation. Which statement compares the cat affected by the gene mutation to the unaffected cat?

• The albino cat has a DNA sequence that is the same as the unaffected cat.
• Both cats have identical DNA sequences, resulting in different appearances.
• 
  The affected cat has different protein activity than the unaffected cat.

• The unaffected cat has a DNA sequence that causes it to appear albino, unlike the affected cat.

Dropdown

Crossing over​

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genetic diversity by creating​

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combinations of genes.

Multiple Choice

A male and female have a child that has three copies of chromosome 18. Although both parents are unaffected, their doctor claims that the disorder associated with having an extra chromosome 18 is the result of a chromosomal mutation in cells that carry inherited material.

• A mutation occurred when crossing over caused chromosome 18 to be replicated twice during meiosis.

• A nondisjunction mutation was cause by the improper separation of the genetic material during meiosis.

• A substitution mutation occurred during replication.

• A replication mutation occurred during replication.

Multiple Choice

How can biotechnology positively affect the populations of critically endangered species?

• Biotechnology can reduce habitat loss and improve food sources for endangered species.
• Biotechnology can create artificial environments that mimic natural habitats for species.
• 
  Biotechnology can provide a way to clone and reproduce the species to prevent their extinction.

• Biotechnology can eliminate diseases that threaten the survival of endangered species.

Multiple Choice

A gene found in naturally occurring soil bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), contains a protein that kills certain insects. Scientists have genetically modified certain organisms such as corn, potatoes, and cotton by introducing the Bt gene into their DNA in order to have this desired trait. Which question would scientists MOST LIKELY answer when developing this Bt corn plant?

• How does Bt corn affect soil health?
• What are the nutritional benefits of Bt corn?
• Will growing the Bt corn plants require less insecticide?

• What is the origin of the Bt gene?

Multiple Select

Which of the following are results of biotechnology? Select 3.

• Cloning of an identical species by the isolation of a cell's genes

• Changing an organisms coloration to adapt to their environment

• Creation and improvement of vaccines

• Development of new plant species

Multiple Choice

What prevents scientists from cloning humans despite the fact that other mammals, such as sheep, have been cloned?

• Lack of interest from the scientific community.
• Insufficient funding for human cloning research.
• Technical limitations in cloning technology.
• Ethical and legal concerns.