AP Psychology Biology Unit

Multiple Choice

Morphine mimics the actions of natural endorphins in the brain. Morphine is a(n):

• Agonist
• Antagonist
• Reuptake Inhibitor
• Neurotransmitter

Open Ended

What is the cell body (soma)?

Multiple Choice

What are the dendrites?

• Extensions that send messages away from the cell body

• Extensions that receive and integrate messages

• Extensions that conduct impulses away from the cell body

• Extensions that protect the neuron

Multiple Choice

What is the axon?

• A part of the neuron that passes messages away from the cell body

• A type of muscle tissue

• A type of gland

• A part of the brain

Multiple Choice

What is the function of the myelin sheath?

• Enhances nerve impulses

• Protects neurons

• Speeds up the conduction of nerve impulses

• Facilitates neurotransmitter release

Multiple Choice

What is the significance of myelin in the development of the nervous system?

• It helps in the transmission of nerve impulses

• It is not important for babies

• It is only relevant after age 25

• It causes motor impairments

Open Ended

Glial cells are like worker bees; they provide nutrients and insulating myelin, guide neural connections, and mop up ions and neurotransmitters. What is the role of glial cells in the nervous system?

Multiple Choice

How is a neural impulse generated?

• By receiving chemical signals

• By exceeding a minimum threshold

• By transmitting electrical impulses

• By firing neurons

Multiple Choice

What number(s) on the graph represents the THRESHOLD level of stimulus?

• 1 and 5

• 2

• 3

• 6

Multiple Choice

What is the all-or-none response?

• A response that varies in intensity

• A response that is either full or none

• A response that increases with stimulation

• A response that is gradual

Multiple Choice

What are the two types of neural impulses mentioned in the image?

• Excitatory signal

• Inhibitory signal

• Both excitatory and inhibitory signals

• None of the above

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is involved in maintaining the resting membrane potential of neurons?

• Na+/K+ ATPase pump moves 3Na+ in for every 2K+ out

• Na+/K+ ATPase pump moves 3K+ in for every 2Na+ out

• Na+/K+ ATPase pump moves 3Na+ out for every 2K+ in

• Na+/K+ ATPase pump moves 3K+ out for every 2Na+ in

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the sequence of events in an action potential?

• Hyperpolarization, depolarization, repolarization

• Depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization

• Repolarization, hyperpolarization, depolarization

• Depolarization, hyperpolarization, repolarization

Multiple Choice

What is the correct steps of action potential?
1.  sodium ions diffuse inward; the membrane becomes depolarized
2.  sodium channels open
3. potassium ions diffuse outward while sodium is actively transported out of the cell; the membrane becomes repolarized
4. potassium channels open

• 2,1,4,3
• 1,2,3,4,
• 4,3,2,1,
• 3,2,4,1,

Multiple Choice

The structure labeled 'E' is called _____ and is filled with ______

• Vacuole; lipids

• Synapse; neurotransmitters

• Membrane; lipids

• Vesicle; neurotransmitters

Multiple Choice

Feature 1 in this diagram represents the neurotransmitters. Which of the molecules below is NOT a neurotransmitter?

• serotonin

• acetylcholine

• glutamate

• cafein

• noradrenaline

Open Ended

Please explain a synapse between 2 neurons. Be sure to include all parts!

Multiple Choice

When an action potential reaches an axon’s terminal branch, it stimulates the release of neurotransmitter molecules. These molecules cross the synaptic gap and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron. What is the effect of this process?

• It always excites the receiving neuron

• It can either excite or inhibit a new action potential

• It has no effect on the receiving neuron

• It only inhibits the receiving neuron

Multiple Choice

What is reuptake?

• The process of neurotransmitter release

• A neurotransmitter’s reabsorption by the sending neuron

• The binding of neurotransmitters to receptors

• The breakdown of neurotransmitters in the synapse

Multiple Choice

What are the two different neural pathways for neurotransmitters shown in the image?

• serotonin pathway

• dopamine pathway

• acetylcholine pathway

• norepinephrine pathway

Open Ended

A 72-year-old woman visits her doctor with complaints of progressive muscle weakness that worsens throughout the day. She reports difficulty keeping her eyelids open, trouble swallowing, and weakness in her arms after extended activity. Her symptoms improve after rest but return after repeated movements. A neurological examination reveals ptosis (drooping eyelids) and fatigable muscle weakness. A medication that increases neurotransmitter levels at the neuromuscular junction temporarily improves her symptoms. Which neurotransmitter is most likely deficient in this patient's condition, and how does its dysfunction contribute to her symptoms?

Multiple Choice

What is the relationship between dopamine and Parkinson's disease as mentioned in the image?

• Dopamine is produced in excess in Parkinson's disease

• Dopamine levels are normal in Parkinson's disease

• An undersupply of dopamine is linked to Parkinson's disease

• Dopamine has no effect on Parkinson's disease