mitosis and meiosis

​Meiosis

• Meiosis I - similar to mitosis, produces 2 diploid

daughter cells

• Meiosis II - occurs right after meiosis I, produces

2 haploid daughter cells each

For 1 parent cell, meiosis produces 4 haploid

daughter cells.

Mitosis vs. Meiosis

​1. Meiosis has synapsis (pairing of two homologous chromosomes) during Prophase I.

2. Metaphase I aligns two chromatids at a time, compared to one for mitosis.

3. Meiosis produces 4 haploid daughter cells with different genetic material while mitosis produces 2 diploid daughter cells with the same genetic material.

4. Meiosis occurs only to produce egg and/or sperm cells.

Primary purposes of Mitosis

1. Asexual Reproduction – Mitosis is the method of reproduction of single-celled asexual organisms.

2. Growth – Mitosis is involved in cell reproduction, which results in increased cell number which adds more mass to the body.

3. Tissue Repair – Mitosis produces cells which replace damaged or dead cells.

Primary purposes of Meiosis

1. Sexual Reproduction – Meiosis of a single

diploid germ cell involves DNA replication followed by two rounds of division, resulting in haploid cells called gametes. These haploid cells have half the number of chromosomes of the original single diploid germ cell. This also results in genetic variation among the haploid cells.

Primary purposes of Meiosis

2. Spermatogenesis - Immature sperm cells

undergo successive cell divisions

(spermatocytogenesis) and a change in cell form

(spermiogenesis) to produce mature sperm cells

(spermatozoa).

Primary purposes of Meiosis

3. Oogenesis - The formation of the ovum or egg.

Oogenesis consists of two events: the ovum

precursor germ cell undergoes meiotic division

and accumulates a significant amount of

cytoplasm.

Multiple Choice

During what phase of Mitosis do the chromosomes line up in the Middle

• Metaphase

• Prophase

• Telophase

• Anaphase

Multiple Choice

How many chromosomes to do most human cells have?

• 2

• 46

• 92

• Identical to your age

Multiple Choice

What is the purpose of Mitosis?

• Growth of an organism and Repair of damaged tissue

• To help the body get rid of extra cells

• To increase the amount of classwork you have to do

• To get rid of the nucleus

Multiple Choice

The phase in mitosis where chromosomes move away and are pulled apart by spindles to opposite sides of the cell.

• prophase
• anaphase
• metaphase
• telephase

Multiple Choice

A chromatid is attached to a spindle fiber by the

• nucleolus
• deep furrow
• centromere
• centriole

Multiple Choice

Why would it be important to replicate DNA before a cell divides in mitosis or meiosis?

• In order for genetic information to be transferred into daughter cells.
• In order for the cell to be able to increase in size.
• In order for the DNA to be contained in the nucleus.
• In order for the cell to re-order the DNA sequencing in the new cells.

Multiple Choice

In mitosis, the two resulting cells are

• different from the starting cell and identical to each other.
• different from the starting cell and different from each other.
• identical to the starting cell and different from each other.
• identical to the starting cell and identical to each other.

Multiple Choice

Cells spend 90% of their time in this stage of the cell cycle. This is the reason you would see most cells in this stage if viewed under a microscope.

• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Interphase

Multiple Choice

The cytoplasm is divided between the cells splitting the cell into two. Name that Stage!

• Cytokinesis
• Interphase
• Prophase
• Metaphase

Multiple Choice

Chromatids separate

• Anaphase

• Metaphase

• Prophase

• Telophase

Multiple Choice

Nuclear membrane reforms around the new daughter cells.

Cytoplasm begins to "pinch" in.

• Anaphase

• Metaphase

• Telophase

• Interphase

Multiple Choice

Two replicated cells split from each other and are able to move on their own.

• Metaphase

• Prophase

• Cytokinesis

• Telophase

Multiple Choice

Identical copies of chromosomes

• Chromosome

• Chromatid

• Centriole

• Centromere

Multiple Choice

The middle of a chromosome

• Centriole

• Cytokinesis

• Centromere

• Chromatid

Multiple Choice

Extend from centriole and pull sister chromatids apart

• Spindle Fibers

• Replication

• Centriole

• Interphase

Multiple Choice

Fruit fly body cells have 8 chromosomes. After mitosis, you would expect a resulting fruit fly daughter cell to have ...

• 16 chromosomes.
• 46 chromosomes.
• 8 chromosomes.
• 4 chromosomes.

Multiple Choice

How many daughter cells are produced from meiosis ?

• 10
• 6
• 4
• 2

Multiple Choice

Most of the cells in the human body are produced by

• mitosis
• meiosis

Multiple Choice

During which phase of the meiotic cell cycle does DNA Replication occur?

• Interphase 
• Prophase 
• Metaphase 
• Telophase

Multiple Choice

A cat has a total of 38 chromosomes in its body cells.  How many in its gametes?

• 38
• 19
• 76
• 10

Multiple Choice

The result of meiosis is:

• two diploid cells
• two haploid cells
• four diploid cells
• four haploid cells

Multiple Choice

In the following structure, the circled item is a

• chromosome

• chromatid

• centromere

• chromatin

Multiple Choice

1. Which stage of meiosis does homologous chromosomes pair up and crossing over take place?

• A. Anaphase I

• B. Metaphase I

• C. Prophase I

• D. Telophase I

Multiple Choice

2. What do you call the process by which sex cells are formed?

• A. Gametogenesis

• B. Spermatogenesis

• C. Spermatogenesis

• D. Oogenesis

Multiple Choice

6. Which of the following statements best explained evolutionary advantage of meiosis?

• A. Meiosis alternates with mitosis from one to the next generation

• B. Meiosis is essential for sexual reproduction

• C. Passing of the same genetic system from one to next generation

• D. Genetic recombination is possible from one to next generation

Multiple Choice

7. The meiotic division takes place in what type of cells?

• A. Meristematic cells

• B. Conductive cells

• C. Vegetative cells

• D. Reproductive cells

Multiple Choice

8. The picture depicts what phase of meiosis.

• A. Prophase I

• B. Prophase II

• C. Anaphase I

• D. Anaphase II

Multiple Choice

Name this process that occurs in Prophase 1 of meiosis.

• Replication
• Crossing Over
• Transcription
• Cross keying

Multiple Choice

Meiosis occurs in the testes in men and the ___________ in women.

• uterus
• cervix
• ovaries
• stomach

Multiple Choice

Homologous chromosomes move to the cells opposite poles.

• Anaphase 1
• Prophase 1
• Metaphase 1
• Telaphase 2

Multiple Choice

A nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes. the cell divides

• Telaphase 2
• Telaphase 1
• Anaphase 2
• Metaphase 1

Multiple Choice

Centromeres divide and chromatids move to opposite poles.

• Anaphase 2
• Telaphase 1
• Metaphase 2
• Anaphase 1

Multiple Choice

Pairs of homologous chromosomes move to the cell's equator

• Prophase 1
• Prophase 2
• Metaphase 1
• Telophase 2

Multiple Choice

Chromosomes gather at the poles. the cytoplasm divides.

• Telaphase 1
• Metaphase 2
• Anaphase 2
• Prophase 1

Multiple Choice

Chromosomes condense. the nuclear envelope breaks down

• Prophase 2
• Prophase 1
• Anaphase 2
• Metaphase 1

Multiple Choice

A new spindle forms around the chromosomes

• Anaphase 2
• Prophase 1
• Telaphase 1
• Prophase 2

Multiple Choice

Chromosomes line up at the equators

• Metaphase 2
• Anaphase 2
• Telaphase 2
• Prophase 2

Multiple Choice

Homologous chromosomes move to the cells opposite poles.

• Anaphase 1
• Prophase 1
• Metaphase 1
• Telaphase 2

Multiple Choice

Centromeres divide and chromatids move to opposite poles.

• Anaphase 2
• Telaphase 1
• Metaphase 2
• Anaphase 1

Poll

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