DNA introduction

Open Ended

Why is the process of DNA replication essential for living organisms?

Multiple Choice

Why would it be important to replicate DNA before a cell divides in mitosis or meiosis?

• In order for genetic information to be transferred into daughter cells.
• In order for the cell to be able to increase in size.
• In order for the DNA to be contained in the nucleus.
• In order for the cell to re-order the DNA sequencing in the new cells.

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A telomere is a protective structure at the end of a chromosome, made of repetitive DNA sequences and proteins, that prevents the ends from fraying or fusing together. With each cell division, a small amount of telomere DNA is lost, which eventually limits the number of times a cell can divide and contributes to the aging of cells.

Multiple Select

Cells with long telomeres on their chromosomes could be (select all that apply)

• cancerous

• have high telomerase activity

• young

• old

Multiple Choice

How can telomere length be regulated to potentially impact aging and age-related diseases?

• By increasing exposure to environmental toxins and pollutants

• By lifestyle factors and potential medical interventions

• By avoiding regular exercise and physical activity

• By consuming more sugar and processed foods

Multiple Choice

How does the enzyme telomerase help maintain telomere length?

• Telomerase causes mutations in the nucleotide sequences of telomeres.

• Telomerase adds repetitive nucleotide sequences to the ends of chromosomes.

• Telomerase breaks down repetitive nucleotide sequences on the ends of chromosomes.

• Telomerase has no effect on telomere length.

Multiple Choice

How does telomere shortening contribute to the aging process?

• Telomere shortening leads to cellular aging and eventual cell death.

• Telomere shortening causes rapid cell regeneration and anti-aging effects

• Telomere shortening slows down the aging process

• Telomere shortening has no impact on the aging process

Multiple Select

Select all statements that are true about telomeres and their function in cell division.

• Telomeres are non-coding nucleotide sequences at chromosome ends.

• Telomeres are lost after each cell division.

• Loss of telomeres leads to loss of important coding genes and cell death.

• Telomeres are coding regions of DNA.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following changes can occur in cancer cells due to gene imbalance?

• Immortalization, transformation, and metastasis

• Apoptosis, differentiation, and migration

• Necrosis, proliferation, and adhesion

• Senescence, division, and fusion

Hotspot

Which of these images is showing a Chromosome?

Draw

Label the diagram

Fill in the Blanks

In eukaryotic cells, DNA is packaged with histone proteins to form a more compact structure called

.

Labeling

The image represents eukaryotic genome complexity. Correctly label the organization of genetic material using the words provided.  One has already been filled in for you.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Cell

Nitrogen Bases

Gene

Chromosome

​Monomers of Nucleic Acids

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide?

• Phosphate group

• Sugar (deoxyribose or ribose)

• Nitrogenous base

• Amino acid

Labeling

Label the diagram

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

sugar

phosphate

nitrogenous base

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the main function of DNA in living organisms?

• It acts as a temporary copy of genetic instructions.

• It is used for producing proteins.

• It serves as the master copy of genetic instructions and is used as a template for making copies.

• It is only found in viruses.

Multiple Choice

What is the linkage between nucleotide monomers call?

• Phosophodiester

• Diphosphoester

• Phosphoester

• Phosphoester

Match

Match the following

• adenine & guanine

• thymine, cytosine, & uracil

• 2

• 1

purine bases

pyrimidine bases

number of ring(s) in purines

number of ring(s) in pyrimidines

• purine bases

• pyrimidine bases

• number of ring(s) in purines

• number of ring(s) in pyrimidines

Multiple Choice

Which base pairs with cytosine in DNA, and how many hydrogen bonds are formed between them?

• Adenine; 2 hydrogen bonds

• Guanine; 3 hydrogen bonds

• Thymine; 2 hydrogen bonds

• Uracil; 3 hydrogen bonds

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements about base pairing in DNA is/are correct?

• Adenine always pairs with Thymine

• Guanine always pairs with Cytosine

• Adenine always pairs with Cytosine

• Guanine always pairs with Thymine

Match

Match the following base pairs.

• Adenine

• Guanine

• Cytosine

• Thymine

Thymine

Cytosine

Guanine

Adenine

• Thymine

• Cytosine

• Guanine

• Adenine

Labeling

Label the DNA model

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Sugar Phosphate Backbone

Nucleotide

Nitrogen Base

Labeling

Using the labels, identify the parts of a DNA molecule.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Base pair

Phosphate

Nitrogen Base

Hydrogen bond

Nucleotide

Deoxyribose

Hotspot

Which arrow is pointing to the nitrogenous base?

Fill in the Blanks

The bond that holds the two strands of the DNA double helix together is called

bonding.

Fill in the Blanks

nucleotides are linked by

linkages

Fill in the Blanks

Four different nucleotides:

Dropdown

DNA ​

Select answer

is making an​

Select answer

​

Select answer

of the​

Select answer

​

Labeling

Match the letter to the part.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Covalent Bond

Deoxyribose Sugar

Hydrogen Bonds

Nitrogen Bases (2)

Phosphate

Hotspot

Click where DNA replication takes place

Labeling

Label the parts of the Cell Cycle

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

S phase

G1

Mitosis

G2

Drag and Drop

Each nucleotide on the DNA strand is made of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a ​

Placeholder

. Between the complementary base pairs is a ​

Placeholder

that is broken during DNA replication.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

nitrogen base

hydrogen bond

deoxyribose

sugar-phosphate bond

Math Response

A segment of DNA has 1,000 total bases. If 360 are thymine, how many are guanine?

Type answer here

Correct Answer: 140

Deg^°

Rad

Drag and Drop

A DNA molecule has 32% cytosine. How much guanine is present?​ ​

Placeholder

How much Adenine?​

Placeholder

How much Thymine?​

Placeholder

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

32%

18%

64%

0%

34%

Multiple Choice

Name this structure

• double helix
• nucelotide
• twisted ladder
• hydrogen bond

Multiple Choice

Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not in DNA?

• Thymine

• Uracil

• Adenine

• Cytosine

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a key difference between DNA and RNA?

• DNA contains thymine, while RNA contains uracil.

• DNA is single-stranded, while RNA is double-stranded.

• DNA contains ribose, while RNA contains deoxyribose.

• DNA is found only in prokaryotes, while RNA is found only in eukaryotes.

Dropdown

Pyrimidines are​

Select answer

and this includes​

Select answer

​ .

​The Cell Cycle

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements about DNA replication are correct?

• DNA replication occurs during the S phase of interphase.

• Each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes.

• DNA replication uses both strands as templates simultaneously.

• DNA replication only occurs during mitosis.

Multiple Choice

What is meant by 'semi-conservative replication' of DNA?

• Both strands of DNA are newly synthesized.

• One strand is conserved and one is new in each daughter molecule.

• Both strands are conserved in one daughter molecule.

• DNA is replicated only once in a cell's lifetime.