Energy Transformation

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the conservation of energy?

• Energy can be created and destroyed in a closed system.

• Energy can be transformed from one type to another without any loss in a closed system.

• Energy can only be transferred, not transformed.

• Energy is always lost when it changes form.

Open Ended

Explain how the design of a thermos helps to conserve thermal energy, referring to the paths for heat transfer.

Fill in the Blanks

Heat energy is a form of energy that is a result of the

of atoms and molecules.

Multiple Select

Which of the following are true about heat energy and temperature?

• Heat energy is measured in calories.

• Temperature is a measure of average kinetic energy of atoms and molecules.

• Heat energy is a form of energy resulting from atomic motion.

• Temperature is measured in calories.

Multiple Choice

What is specific heat?

• The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by 1°C

• The amount of heat needed to melt one gram of a substance

• The amount of heat needed to boil one gram of a substance

• The amount of heat needed to freeze one gram of a substance

Multiple Choice

Which materials from the table have a specific heat greater than 1.0 Joules/gram·°C?

• Liquid water, Solid water (ice), Water vapor, Dry air

• Liquid water, Basalt, Granite, Iron

• Liquid water, Copper, Lead, Dry air

• Liquid water, Water vapor, Basalt, Iron

Open Ended

Compare the specific heat values of water and lead using the reference tables. What does this tell you about how quickly each substance heats up or cools down?

Fill in the Blanks

Fill in the blank: The substance with the highest specific heat is

.

Multiple Choice

Which will cool down faster during winter, the land or the water?

• Land

• Water

• Both cool at the same rate

• Neither cools down

Fill in the Blanks

Explain why sand heats up faster than water during the summer.

Multiple Select

Select all phase changes that involve heat being gained by the substance.

• Melting

• Evaporation

• Condensation

• Sublimation

Fill in the Blanks

Fill in the blank: The heat energy gained during vaporization of water is

J/g.

Multiple Choice

Which phase change of water requires the most energy per gram?

• Melting

• Freezing

• Vaporization

• Condensation

Fill in the Blanks

During the process of

, water changes from a liquid to a gas.

Open Ended

Explain how the energy changes during the phase transitions of water from solid to liquid to gas, using the diagrams provided.

Fill in the Blanks

The principle which states that energy within a closed system can neither be created nor destroyed, but can be transformed from one type to another without any loss of energy is called the law of

.