Translation/Protein Synthesis -WC

Open Ended

How does information from DNA ultimately result in the formation of proteins within a cell?

Multiple Choice

Why is the process of translation important in protein synthesis?

• It allows cells to replicate DNA

• It enables the production of proteins from RNA

• It breaks down proteins into amino acids

• It transports proteins out of the cell

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a base found in mRNA?

• A

• U

• G

• T

Open Ended

Explain the relationship between codons and amino acids in the process of translation.

Multiple Choice

Which steps are involved in decoding a codon using a genetic code table?

• Find the first letter in the middle, second in next ring, third in next ring, then read amino acid name

• Find the first letter in the outer ring, second in the middle, third in the next ring

• Find the first letter in the last ring, second in the middle, third in the next ring

• Find the first letter in the middle, second in the last ring, third in the outer ring

Multiple Select

Which of the following are stop codons in the genetic code?

• UGA

• UAA

• UAG

• AUG

Multiple Choice

Which molecule carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?

• tRNA

• mRNA

• DNA

• Ribosome

Open Ended

Explain the role of the ribosome in the process of translation.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the correct order of steps in protein synthesis?

• mRNA transcribed, tRNA brings amino acid, ribosome joins amino acids, repeat until STOP codon, protein released

• tRNA brings amino acid, mRNA transcribed, ribosome joins amino acids, repeat until STOP codon, protein released

• Ribosome joins amino acids, tRNA brings amino acid, mRNA transcribed, repeat until STOP codon, protein released

• Protein released, repeat until STOP codon, ribosome joins amino acids, tRNA brings amino acid, mRNA transcribed

Multiple Select

Which of the following can cause mutations in DNA?

• Exposure to chemicals

• Exposure to radiation

• Mistakes during DNA replication

• All of the above

Open Ended

Describe how insertion, deletion, and substitution mutations differ in their impact on DNA.

Multiple Choice

Which type of mutation replaces one nucleotide for another and affects just one codon?

• Substitution

• Frameshift

• Insertion

• Deletion

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements about frameshift mutations are correct?

• They can be caused by insertion of nucleotides.

• They can be caused by deletion of nucleotides.

• They only affect one codon.

• They change every codon after the mutation.

Open Ended

Explain how a substitution mutation can lead to a missense mutation, using an example from the codon chart.

Multiple Choice

What is the result of a nonsense mutation in a protein-coding gene?

• A premature stop codon is introduced, producing a nonfunctional protein fragment.

• The protein is longer than normal.

• There is no change in the amino acid sequence.

• Multiple amino acids are changed after the mutation.

Open Ended

How does the information flow from DNA to the production of proteins during translation?

Multiple Choice

What is the role of RNA in the process of translation?

• RNA provides the genetic code for protein synthesis on ribosomes.

• RNA transports amino acids to the nucleus.

• RNA breaks down proteins in the cytoplasm.

• RNA stores genetic information permanently.