Revision: Sociology

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is defined as all things learnt and shared by a society and transmitted from generation to generation through socialisation.

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are ideas or beliefs about general principles or goals (what is good or important in life; what to aim for).

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are social rules, expectations or standards that direct the behaviour expected in particular situations.

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______ _______ is a way of ensuring that society’s members behave as others expect them to, using sanctions and rewards to influence behaviour.

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Different groups in society may have their own

and these may vary significantly from the mainstream set of norms and values.

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The process of learning one’s culture and becoming accepted as a member of society is called

.

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status is based on fixed characteristics that we are born with and cannot normally change, such as our sex or ethnicity.

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status is gained through our own efforts, such as getting into university or being promoted at work.

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A

is a set of particular norms of behaviour expected from someone occupying a certain status in society.

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Social

refers to the traits and characteristics, social relations and roles that define who we are. It is the way we define ourselves and how others see us.

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According to the

approach, society shapes our behaviour through the process of socialisation.

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The Social action approach, including Interactionism, emphasises the power of individuals to create society through their actions and

.

Multiple Select

Which of the following are considered consensus perspectives? (select all the correct answers)

• Functionalism

• Postmodernism

• Feminism

• Interactionism

Multiple Select

Which of the following are considered conflict perspectives? (select all the correct answers)

• Functionalism

• Marxism

• Feminism

• Postmodernism

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According to functionalists, society is held together by a shared culture that creates a sense of ______ __________ or ‘fellow feeling’ with others.

Multiple Choice

Marxists see society as based on a _____ conflict.

• age

• gender

• social class

• ethnicity

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Marxists argue that all social institutions (family, education, the media) serve to maintain capitalism, by promoting the idea that

is inevitable and fair.

Multiple Choice

Feminists see society as based on a _____ conflict.

• age

• gender

• social class

• ethnicity

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Feminists see society and all social institutions as

(male-dominated).

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Postmodernists argue that society is fragmented into different groups, based on social characteristics, and this

gives individuals more freedom to ‘pick and mix’ their identities.