ENGLISH IV review - UNIFRANZ

English IV review

By Richard Cruz

ACTIVE PASSIVE VOICE 

The subject is the person or thing performing the action.

Active Voice:

     S + V + O + extra information 

In the Active Voice, the subject performs the action or causes the action.

E.g. Lebron threw the ball before the buzzer.

          S   +   V  + O  +  Extra information

Passive Voice

Passive Voice: O + hv + pp + by+ S + extra information  

In the passive voice, the subject is the recipient of the action.

The ball was thrown by Lebron before the buzzer.

Helping verb for present tense

The verb 'to be'

           I am

           He/She is

           They are

           We are

           You are

PRESENT TENSE

PASSIVE ( obj + hv- is/are/am +pp+ by + subj + extra info)

Multiple Choice

Select the correct passive form of the sentence below

Penguins eat fish.

• Fish is eaten by penguins.

• The fish is eaten by penguins.

Multiple Select

Select the correct passive form of the sentence below.

The DJ plays music.

• The music is played by the DJ

• Music is played by the DJ

Open Ended

Change this sentence to the passive voice.

Betty reads the news at noon every day.

When to use the Causative Form?

• when we do not do something ourselves

• we arrange somebody else to do it for us

• E.g: We had/got the house painted last month.

How to write causative form correctly?

• subject + have/got + object + past participle

• We had the house painted last month. (A painter did it)

• We got the house painted last month. (A painter did it)

To form the Causative, we use the verb have in the correct tense.

• subject + have/got + object + past participle

If the sentence is

Present Simple

• subject + have/got + object + past participle

• : I have my car fixed.

Multiple Select

She needs to ........

• have her car repairs

• have her car repaired

Multiple Select

I'm going ............ at the new beauty shop.

• to get my hair cut

• to cut my hair

Multiple Select

I'll ....... John to do it when he arrives

• get

• have

Multiple Select

We always have our fruit and vegetables .............. to the house.

• delivered

• deliver

• delivering

Modals of deduction

must, can't, could, may, might

We can use

 MUST, MAY, MIGHT, COULD and CAN'T to express how sure we are about something happening in the present or the future.

MUST

We use must when we feel sure about something because there is some kind of evidence.

e.g.   She must study very hard because she gets really good marks.

CAN'T

We use can't when we are sure something is not true.

e.g. You have been sleeping all day. You can't be tired.

MAY, MIGHT, COULD

We use may, might and could when are not sure about something, but we think it is possible.

e.g. She might go to the party tomorrow if you ask her. 

e.g. Peter could be at the library. He said he was going to go one of these days.

e.g. They may win the match. They are quite good.

***They all have the same meaning, but may is more formal than might and could.

Multiple Choice

The house isn't hard to find. It's the red one at the end. You _____ miss it!

• must

• can't

• could

Multiple Choice

Look at that bird! Maybe it's an eagle or it _____ be a vulture.

• must

• could

• can't

Multiple Choice

What an amazing trip! You _____ have some incredible photos.

• must

• might

• can't

Modals: obligation and advice

Multiple Choice

The word should from the comic strip means something:

• recommended

• necessary

• not necessary

• prohibited

Multiple Choice

The word must from the comic strip means something:

• recommended

• necessary

• not necessary

• prohibited

Multiple Choice

The word should from the comic strip means something:

• recommended

• necessary

• not necessary

• prohibited

Multiple Choice

Kids ______ drink coffee. It's not good for them.

• mustn't

• shouldn't

• should

• don't have to

Multiple Choice

I ______ finish this report by 5p.m.

• mustn't

• must

• should

• have to

Conditionals

What are conditionals?

Conditionals

Conditionals are sentences with consequences or results regarding the intention of the speaker and the situation he or she is involved in.

Conditional # 1

This conditional is used to talk about situations with consequences now or in the future. For instance:

If I shoplift, the police will arrest me.

If + Present simple + Will

Conditional # 2

This is the conditional which could be used to talk about imaginary situations. For example:

If I were in jail, I would try to escape.

If + Past simple + Would

Conditional # 3

This conditional, which is very interesting, is the one we use to talk about imaginary situations in the past. For instance:

If I hadn't pass through there, I wouldn't have lost my wallet.

If+ Past perfect + Would have + Past participle

Multiple Choice

What would you do if you ___________ lost in a forest at night?

• get

• got

• didn't got

Multiple Choice

If Mary ___________ better tomorrow, she should see a doctor.

• doesn't feel

• don't feel

• doesn't feels

Multiple Choice

If I knew Linda’s address, I ___________ her a valentine card.

• will send

• would send

• would sent

Multiple Choice

If you _________ cold, you can put on warm socks and a bathrobe.

• are

• be

• will be

Multiple Select

Second conditional is use for

• an imaginary situation in the past.

• an imaginary or impossible situation in the present.

• a possible but unlikely present or future situation.

• advice

TO or -ING

INFINITIVE

Verbs - actions

physical & abstract MOVEMENT

FUTURE / IMAGINATION

GERUND

Nouns - activities

Time is seen as something in progress or ongoing process at that time

Infinitive or Gerund?

I enjoy reading books.

I want to read books.

to or -ing?

Dan promised to take / taking us to the zoo.

We are planning to visit / visiting our family in London.

Can you imagine to win / winning a ticket to a concert?

Helen recommended to eat / eating at that restaurant.

Multiple Choice

They agree ____ to our house

• to come

• coming

Multiple Choice

He would like ____ Mr. Smith.

• to see

• seeing

Multiple Choice

The baby refused ____ the puree.

• to eat

• eating

Multiple Choice

I miss ____ to the park with my grandpa.

• to go

• going

Multiple Choice

Have you finished ____ your homework?

• to do

• doing

Fill in the Blank

My big brother is learning ____ (cook).

Fill in the Blank

Do you mind ____ (answer) the phone?

Reported Speech

When do we use it?

• To report what someone said or asked.

• "I like ice cream." - She said she liked ice cream.

• "I am reading this book" - He told me he was reading that book.

• "Do you like it?" - She asked me if i liked it.

Say, Tell, Ask

• These are called "Reporting verbs" because they help us to repeat what people said.

• When using tell or ask, don´t forget to use object pronouns after them (me, you, him, her, us, you, them)

The word That is optional.

• Direct Speech: "I will love you forever"

• Reported Speech: My boyfriend said that he would love me forever. or My boyfriend said, he would love me forever.

Multiple Choice

I like hot weather

• Direct Speech

• Reported Speech

Multiple Choice

She asked me if there was another option

• Direct Speech

• Reported Speech

Multiple Choice

"I see the clouds.".

He told me that she ________ the clouds.

• sees

• is seeing

• saw

Multiple Choice

"My mother is taking the bus to work now".

He told me that his mother ________ the bus to work then.

• is taking

• was taking

• will take

Multiple Choice

"I loved him very much".

My sister told me that she ________ him very much.

• was loving

• had loved

• would love

Multiple Choice

"I am writing an email to my girlfriend."

He told me that he ________ an email to his girlfriend.

• is writing

• was writing

• writes

Multiple Choice

Report this sentence correctly.

Tom said "I’m going to London tomorrow."

Five days later you say...

• Tom said he is going to London the following day.

• Tom said he was going to London the following day.

• Tom said he was going to London tomorrow.

Multiple Choice

Report this sentence correctly.

‘I can swim really fast.’

• He said that he could swim really fast.

• He told that he could swim really fast.

• He said me that he could swim really fast.