Mutations Guided Notes

Multiple Choice

Where do mutations occur?

• DNA and RNA
• DNA 
• RNA
• mRNA and tRNA

Multiple Choice

What causes mutations?

• Mistakes in replication or environmental influences

• The amino acids

• Passed down by genetics

• It's how your born

Multiple Choice

What describes a change in the DNA sequence?

• Transcription

• Translation

• DNA replication

• Mutation

• Apoptosis

Multiple Choice

Mutations are__________

• Harmful
• Harmful or beneficial
• Neutral
• Harmful, neutral, or beneficial

Multiple Choice

One nucleotide base is changed so only one amino acid

is affected

• Substitution Mutation

• Point Mutation

• Translocation

• Inverse Mutation

Multiple Choice

A substitution mutation that has no effect

on amino acids sequence

• Insertion Mutation

• Translocation

• Silent Mutation

• Deletion Mutation

Multiple Choice

This type of substitution codes for a stop codon

• Missense
• Nonsense
• Silent
• Deletion

Multiple Choice

Normal-
GAG-CTC-GAC-AGA
Mutant
GAG CTC-CAC-AGA

• no mutation
• substitution
• insertion
• deletion

Multiple Choice

A frameshift mutation where a nucleotide base

is removed from the DNA sequence.

• Deletion Mutation

• Substitution Mutation

• Translocation

• Silent Mutation

Multiple Choice

A nucleotide base is inserted or deleted shifting the entire DNA sequence. Entire protein will be changed.

• Substitution Mutation

• Silent Mutation

• Frameshift Mutation

• Translocation

Multiple Choice

A frameshift mutation where a nucleotide base is added

to the DNA sequence

• Insertion Mutation

• Deletion Mutation

• Substitution Mutation

• Chromosomal Mutation

Multiple Choice

DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG

The mutated DNA segment is TTCGCAAG. This is an example of ___ mutation.

• Substitution

• Deletion

• Insertion

• Inversion

Multiple Choice

Why are insertion and deletion (frameshift) mutations so harmful?

• They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which changes the amino acid sequence

• They insert things that an organism doesn't need.

• They often delete things that organisms need.

• Insertion and deletions are not any more harmful than substitution mutations.

Multiple Choice

A normal strand of DNA is shown below, followed by the same strand of DNA after mutations have occurred.

Normal strand: GTC CAT CTG ATT ACG GCA

Mutated strand: GTC CAT CGA TTA CGG CA

Which mutations have taken place?

• point and inversion mutations

• deletion and frameshift mutations

• inversion and deletion mutations

• point and frameshift mutations

Multiple Choice

How is a point mutation different from a frameshift mutation?

• A point mutation always results in a frameshift mutation.

• A point mutation only results in a change in a single nucleotide base, while a frameshift mutation can result in a change in multiple nucleotide bases.

• A point mutation is a physical change, and a frameshift mutation is a chemical change.

• A point mutation is always harmful, and a frameshift mutation is never harmful.

Multiple Choice

All six codons listed above code for the same amino acid during protein synthesis.

Which of the following statements describes an advantage of having multiple codons for the same amino acid?

• The length of the protein chain will be reduced.

• The effect of mutations in the DNA could be reduced.

• The ribosome will more quickly read the order of the bases during translation.

• The cell could use the bases that are most available in the nucleus to assemble DNA.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following would result in a frameshift mutation?

• Insertions only
• Substitution only
• Deletion only
• Insertions and Deletions

Multiple Choice

Which statement best defines a mutation?

• a physical trait that negatively impacts the organism

• an adaptive trait that allows the individual to be better fit for survival

• a change in the order, number, or type of bases in the genetic code

• an identical copy of the original DNA strand