Age of Enlightenment (Nature, Rights, Contract)

​The Enlightenment

By Kevin Goettge

Prepare your Notebook

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​State of Nature

Define

Locke's Version

Hobbes' Version

Rousseau's Version

Prepare your Notebook

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​

Natural Rights

Define Rights & Natural Rights

What ____ means:

What _______ means:

What ________ means:

Prepare your Notebook

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Social Contract

Define

Why it matters

Locke's Version

Hobbes' Version

What is the Enlightenment?

1600s and 1700s

The Age of Enlightenment was a period of time when European thinkers were discussing what the role of government is and what rights the people have.

John Locke and Thomas Hobbes are two Enlightenment thinkers who focused on the question of the role of government. They had very different ideas of how the government and the people interact and what rights the people have.

​​John Locke

​​Thomas Hobbes

What New Ideas came from the Enlightenment?

The Enlightenment started in Paris salons where many people began discussing their ideas about government, rights, and many other topics. Many new ideas came from these meetings. These ideas include:

What life would be like without a government or rules.

State of Nature

Rights: freedoms, powers, or privledges you are able to have or do that are protected.

Natural Rights: rights that everyone is born with and cannot be taken away.

Natural Rights

Contract: An agreement where both sides agree to something in order to reach a shared goal.

Social Contract: A contract (not on paper) between the government and the people.

Social Contract

The fact that people want to live and will fight to survive

Life

People want to be as free as possible to make their own decisions.

Liberty

The fact that people want to own things that help them survive, such as land, food, and tools.

Property

Locke believed everyone is born with three natural rights:

Multiple Choice

Natural rights are best defined as:

• rights given by the government

• right all people are born with

• rights found in a state of nature

Multiple Select

Who has natural rights?

• Men

• Women

• Race that makes up the majority of the population

• Races that makes up the minority of the population

• Children

Multiple Select

Click the 3 Unalienable Rights described by JOHN LOCKE.

• Life

• Liberty

• Property

• Pursuit of Happiness

• Free Speech

Multiple Choice

What does the unalienable right of "life" grant you?

• Having a life outside of school

• Protection from anything that may harm you

• Protection from bad habits

• Protection from being searched

Multiple Choice

What does the unalienable right of "liberty" grant you?

• Protection from being harmed

• The will to do what makes you happy

• Your freedom to make your own decisions

• Your freedoms to do whatever you want to do

Multiple Choice

What does the unalienable right of "Property" mean?

• You have the right for your well-being and safety

• You have the right to own your own land and other property

• You have the right to certain freedoms

• You have the right to do whatever makes you happy

Locke believed everyone had natural rights and that in a state of nature, there'd be no rules, no one in charge, and no way to protect your natural rights.

Locke's State of Nature

Hobbes believed that in a state of nature, everyone had a right to everything. In order to get what they wanted, people would always be at war with everyone else. Nobody would produce anything like inventions, art, or even crops or tools because they would be afraid other people would take them away.

Hobbes' State of Nature

Rousseau believed that people are actually pretty good when they're just being themselves. It's actually society and the rules that make people do bad things.

Rousseau's State of Nature

Multiple Choice

In a state of nature:

• there is no government and always war

• government protects people's rights

• people and government reach a social contract

Multiple Choice

Hobbes thinks life in the state of nature would be

• wonderful-no rules!

• awful-people would be fighting and at war constantly.

• boring-without government we wouldn't have anything for news channels to talk about!

Multiple Select

If the government doesn't protect the rights of it's citizens, do they have the right to revolt and overthrow the government?

• According to Locke, yes

• According to Hobbes, yes

• According to Locke, no

• According to Hobbes, no

Multiple Choice

Hobbes saw human beings as __________.

• Kind and Selfless

• Selfish and Aggressive

• Self-Interested, but not always violent

• Shaped by our experiences in life.

Multiple Choice

In a state of nature there are...

• No Rules and Government

• Some rules but no government

• A dictatorship

• A three system government

Locke believed that a government can only exist with a social contract.

The people give up some freedoms in exchange for the government protecting everyone's natural rights.

If the government doesn't protect everyone's natural rights, the people can revolt and replace the government.

Locke's Social Contract

Hobbes believed that the people give up some rights and power in exchange for protection.

However, once the people hand over their power for protection, then they lose the right to overthrow, replace, or even question the government.

Hobbes' Social Contract

Multiple Choice

According to John Locke, the purpose of government is to:

• Make war

• Provide jobs

• Protect the people's rights

• Protect people

Multiple Choice

According to Thomas Hobbes, the purpose of government is to:

• Make war

• Protect people

• Protect the people's rights

• Protect people

Multiple Choice

A voluntary agreement among individuals to secure their rights and welfare by creating a government and abiding by its rules.

• State of Nature

• Democracy

• Social Contract

• Enlightenment

Multiple Choice

According to John Locke, people must FIRST have the freedom to choose their own government before they will respect their government.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

According to John Locke, a social contract is best described as

• When a society has a consensus about its basic beliefs

• When we elect representatives to govern on our behalf

• When the people vote directly on all matters

• When people agree to obey the government as long as it protects their rights

Multiple Choice

Why did Hobbes believe it was necessary to have all the power in the hands of 1 King?

• It would prevent war and chaos

• They could make rules faster

• They could declare war against enemies of the kingdom

• It would be easier to make decisions

Multiple Choice

For both Hobbes and Locke, the social contract is an agreement between...

• students and school

• countries

• children and parents

• citizens and government

Multiple Choice

This image describes...

• Social Contract

• Natural Rights

• Democracy

• State of Nature

• Limited government

Multiple Choice

A voluntary agreement among individuals to secure their rights and welfare by creating a government and abiding by its rules.

• Capitalism

• Democracy

• Social Contract

• Business Agreement

Drag and Drop

Locke believed that if a government does not ​

Placeholder

the people's ​

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, then they have a right to ​

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the government.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

protect

natural rights

replace

restrict

lives

social contract

praise

destroy

property

Drag and Drop

Hobbes believed that the government's job was to protect the ​

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. If the people ​

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with the government, then they ​

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.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

people

people's natural rights

state of nature

disagree

agree

can't do anything

can revolt

can replace it

Can protest it

Match

Match the following:

• What life without the government would be like

• What everyone is born with

• Agreement between the people and government

• A democratic government

• A monarchy

State of Nature

Natural Rights

Social Contract

Locke supports...

Hobbes supports...

• State of Nature

• Natural Rights

• Social Contract

• Locke supports...

• Hobbes supports...