03 Operating Systems Lesson

​Software
Operating Systems

By R Walker

Software

Operating Systems

Explain the purpose and functionality of an operating system:

• File management

• Process management, including memory management and multitasking

• Peripheral management and drivers

• User management

Reorder

Reorder these blocks to form a sentence that describes what a computer system is:

• A computer system is the combination of...

• ...hardware and software...

• ...that can take inputs, process them...

• ...and produce outputs.

1

2

3

4

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

Categorize

Options (16)

Keyboard

Operating System

Mouse

Monitor

Printer

Scanner

Graphics Card

Motherboard

Hard Drive

Word Processor

Spreadsheet

Database Management System

Web Browser

Antivirus Software

Graphics Editing Software

Video Editing Software

Organize these options into the right categories

Hardware

Software

Operating systems manage computer hardware, users and the resources used by software.

They are responsible for managing:

• Process management

• Peripheral management

• File management

• User management

Operating Systems

Multiple Select

What areas of a computer system is an operating system responsible for managing:

• File Management

• Process Management

• Peripheral Management

• User Management

• Processes can be thought of as programs that need to be run on the CPU

• A CPU can only run one program at a time, so each program must be given a small amount of time to use the processor

• The operating system is responsible for managing processes

• This also include managing the memory, multi-tasking and interrupts

Process Management

To run a program, the computer must copy the program from storage into main memory

• Data used by the program is copied into main memory

• The operating system keeps a record of where each program and its data are located

• The operating system will make sure not to overwrite existing programs and data

Memory Management

Multi-tasking is where an operating system manages many tasks happening at the same time.

This may be having a web browser open whilst playing music and messaging friends, along
with many other background processes also are running

The operating system decides which process will next run on the CPU and for how long.

Multi-Tasking

Interrupts are signals sent to the CPU by external devices to indicate an event that needs immediate attention.

They tell the CPU to suspend its current activities and execute appropriate instructions.

Hardware interrupts are generated by hardware devices – for example, printer out of paper.

Software interrupts are generated by programs – for example, a divide-by-zero error will cause an error message to be displayed

Interrupts

Multiple Choice

Memory, Multi-tasking and Interrupts are all part of what core responsibility of an operating system?

• Process Management

• File Management

• User Management

• Peripheral Management

Drag and Drop

​

Placeholder

is where there are many things all trying to get access to the ​

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at the same ​

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. The operating system is responsible for ​

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which ones take ​

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to keep everything running smoothly.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

Multi-Tasking

CPU

time

priority

co-ordinating

Drag and Drop

​

Placeholder

is when there are multiple ​

Placeholder

running and the ​

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has to keep track of where in ​

Placeholder

the different programs are being stored so they can be quickly ​

Placeholder

and not accidently written over.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

Memory Management

programs

operating system

RAM

accessed

Drag and Drop

​

Placeholder

are where there are ​

Placeholder

things that need to happen that can't wait in a normal process ​

Placeholder

, so the operating system sends a ​

Placeholder

that tells the CPU to do this task ​

Placeholder

.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

Interrupts

urgent

queue

signal

immediately

Drag and Drop

Memory ​

Placeholder

, multi-​

Placeholder

and ​

Placeholder

are all part of the ​

Placeholder

management part of an operating systems ​

Placeholder

.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

management

tasking

interrupts

process

responsibilities

The operating system must manage:

• Getting inputs from and sending outputs to peripheral devices

• Peripherals include mice, keyboard, printers, displays, digital cameras and graphics tablets

Peripheral Management

A device driver is a program that controls peripheral devices

Each device communicates with the OS via its own driver

Many device drivers come with an operating system but some devices will be supplied with a driver, which you will need to install

Device Drivers

Categorize

Options (20)

Keyboard

Mouse

Printer

Scanner

Webcam

CPU

RAM

Motherboard

Graphics Card

Hard Drive

Windows

Linux

macOS

Android

iOS

Word Processor

Spreadsheet

Database Management System

Web Browser

Graphics Editing Software

Organize these options into the right categories

Peripheral Hardware

Internal Hardware

Types of Operating Systems

Application Software

Reorder

A keyboard and a monitor both use separate drivers. Order the steps taken when a key is pressed.

• The user presses a key on the keyboard.

• The signal from the keyboard is sent to operating system.

• The operating system sends the signal to the keyboard driver which work outs what key was pressed.

• The keyboard driver sends the signal back to the operating system.

• The operating system sends the signal to the monitor driver which can then display the key that has been pressed.

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• 1
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• 5

Multiple Choice

All hardware must have drivers to work effectively?

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

All drivers must be separately installed on a computer for the operating system to use them?

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Modern operating systems come with a lot of device drivers built in.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Modern operating systems come with a lot of device drivers built in.

• True

• False

Multiple Select

What areas responsibilities of an operating system have we not looked at yet:

• File Management

• Process Management

• Peripheral Management

• User Management

File management is carried out by the operating system

The following features are available:

• Naming files

• Allocating files to folders

• Moving files

• Saving files

• Copying files

• Deleting files

File Management

The operating system is responsible for user logins and passwords

It will store all users and their passwords in a file or database

Passwords are usually stored in an encrypted form

Certain programs, drives, files and activities can be restricted based on which user is logged in

User Management

Multiple Choice

What is it called when Users have access to different files, folders and features when they are logged into an operating system?

• Access Rights

• FFF (Files, Folders, Features)

• Read/Write

• Read Only

If a computer is used by more than one person, each user should be able to see only their own files

Users and system administrators have different levels of access rights

For example, some users may be allowed to read files but not edit them

Access Rights

Multiple Choice

Read permission allows a user to:

• Only view a file

• Delete a file

• Modify a folder

• Change system settings

Multiple Choice

Write permission allows a user to:

• Make changes and save them

• Delete folders only

• Execute programs

• Change IP addresses

Multiple Choice

Edit/Modify permission allows:

• Reading only

• Editing and deleting

• Viewing hidden files only

• Installing apps

Multiple Choice

Privileges refer to:

• Special actions users can perform

• Storage capacity

• Password complexity rules

• Network ports

Multiple Choice

Which user normally has the highest privileges?

• Guest

• Standard user

• Administrator

• Temporary user

Multiple Choice

Access rights define:

• What a user can access & do

• Internet speed

• Firewall settings

• Screen brightness

Multiple Choice

Rules in access control are created by:

• System administrator

• Guest users

• Anyone in the system

• Antivirus software

Multiple Choice

What is the main role of an operating system?

• To run application software directly
• To provide internet access
• To control and communicate with computer hardware
• To install hardware devices

Multiple Choice

How does an operating system manage memory?

• By allowing all programs to share the same memory space
• By allocating separate spaces for each program in RAM
• By using only physical memory
• By disabling unused memory

Multiple Choice

What does multitasking in an operating system allow?

• Multiple CPUs to process at once
• One program to run at a time until it is complete

• Several programs to appear to run simultaneously
• Only one user to log in at a time

Multiple Choice

What is a key function of the operating system with peripheral devices?

• It allows applications to directly control hardware
• It manages the communication between applications and hardware
• It disables all peripheral devices when not in use
• It requires all devices to be manually configured

Multiple Choice

How does an operating system provide security for users?

• By preventing all users from accessing the internet
• By allowing users to have individual accounts and passwords
• By installing anti-virus software automatically
• By limiting the number of programs that can be installed

Multiple Choice

What do device drivers do?

• Allows the OS to communicate with hardware

• Drives around the motherboard

• Increases the amount of storage

Multiple Choice

What does the OS manage to allow multi-tasking?

• Hard disk

• Memory and CPU

• Motherboard