Aquatic Ecosystems and Energy Transfer Review

Aquatic Ecosystems & Energy Transfer Review

By GHS Biology

Multiple Select

Which of the following are considered biotic factors? Mark all that apply.

• deer

• wind

• water

• daisy

• fly

Multiple Select

Which of the following are considered abiotic factors? Mark all that apply. 

• dog

• mud puddle

• bird

• sunlight

• cat

Multiple Select

What are some factors affecting Aquatic Ecosystems?

• Depth

• Temperature

• Water level

• Chemistry (like oxygen level, and pH)

Multiple Choice

Why is sunlight important to aquatic ecosystems?

• It isn't.

• It's a vital biotic factor for aquatic ecosystems

• Photosynthetic organisms need it to produce food sources for aquatic food chains.

Multiple Choice

Complete the statement.

As you go deeper the bodies of water, the temperature ​ ________, the rate of photosynthesis _________ and the light availability _______.

• decreases, increases, decreases

• decreases, decreases, decreases
• increases, increases, decreases

• increases, increases, increases

Multiple Choice

In aquatic ecosystems, plants are a vital part of the food chain. In which aquatic zone will you find plants?

• benthic zone

• limnetic zone

• aphotic zone

• photic zone

Multiple Choice

Jill made the table below during her research on aquatic zones and living organisms. Based on Jill’s observations, which conclusion could you draw?

• Organisms in the intertidal zone must be able to withstand very cold water.

• There are no producers/plants in the benthic zone that rely on photosynthesis.

• Organisms in the benthic zone must be able to tolerate large amounts of oxygen.

• The warm water and abundant sunlight in the neritic zone limits the plankton population.

​Fun fact: Bull sharks are adapted to survive in both fresh and saltwater. They are euryhaline.

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Don't forget: Carbon dioxide also dissolves in aquatic environments in the form of carbonic acid, which contributes to making oceans more acidic.

Energy Transfer in Ecosystems

Multiple Select

Check all that apply: Plants are categorized as....

• Producers

• Consumers

• Autotrophs

• Heterotrophs

Multiple Select

Check all that apply: Which of the following would be considered a heterotroph.

• Plants

• Fish

• Photosynthesizing Bacteria (aka cyanobacteria)

• Sea Horse

Multiple Select

Check all that apply: Cows are categorized as...

(Cows only eat plants)

• Carnivores

• Herbivores

• Heterotroph

• Producers

Multiple Select

Check all that apply: Lions are categorized as...

(lions only eat meat)

• Carnivore

• Omnivore

• Autotroph

• Heterotroph

Multiple Select

Check all that apply: Humans are categorized as...

(humans eat meat and vegetables)

• Consumer

• Omnivore

• Producers

• Carnivore

First Trophic Level

But can also include algae, phytoplankton, and cyanobacteria

Multiple Choice

What do producers in a food chain primarily use as energy to create their food?

• Water

• Sunlight

• Carbon dioxide

• Soil nutrients

Multiple Select

Check all that apply: Which of the following would be classified as producers

• Tree

• Photosynthesizing bacteria (aka cyanobacteria)

• Fish

• Seaweed/Algae

(2nd Trophic Level)

(3rd Trophic Level)

(4th Trophic Level)

(4th Trophic Level)

(3rd Trophic Level)

(2nd Trophic Level)

Multiple Choice

What trophic level do primary consumers occupy in an energy pyramid?

• Third

• First

• Second

• Fourth

Multiple Select

Name the primary consumer(s) in this food web. Mark all that apply. 

• hawk

• rabbit

• wolf

• robin

• caterpillar

Multiple Select

Name the secondary consumer(s) in this food web. Mark all that apply. 

• hawk

• rabbit

• wolf

• robin

• caterpillar

Multiple Select

Name the tertiary consumer(s) in this food web. Mark all that apply. 

• hawk

• rabbit

• wolf

• robin

• caterpillar

Multiple Choice

Fungi, bacteria and worms can all break down organic material, what is the correct name for these type of organisms.

• Producers

• Consumers

• Predators

• Decomposers

Multiple Select

In the picture, what organisms are considered decomposers? (check all that apply)

• Insect-eating Bird

• Bacteria

• Mountain Lion

• Snake

• Fungi

Multiple Select

Name the predators from this food web. Mark all that apply. 

• hawk

• rabbit

• wolf

• robin

• caterpillar

Multiple Select

Name the prey from this food web. Mark all that apply. 

• plant

• rabbit

• wolf

• robin

• caterpillar

Multiple Choice

The direction of the flow of energy in a food web is represented by ___.

• Light bulbs
• Dotted Lines
• Arrows
• Bubbles

Multiple Choice

Where does the red tail hawk directly get his energy from?

• Hare (rabbit)

• Red Fox

• Lynx

• White Spruce

Multiple Select

What organism(s) would be classified as a producer?

• Wildflowers

• Grass

• Hawk

• Rabbit

Multiple Select

According to this food web, what are the two energy sources for the snake?

• Rabbit

• Hawk

• Grass

• Mouse

The vast majority of energy that exists in food webs originates from the sun and is converted into chemical energy through photosynthesis in plants.

​

Energy is transferred between organisms in food webs from producers to consumers. The energy is used by organisms to carry out life processes and lost in heat.

​

Only 10% of the energy ​from the Sun is transferred to each trophic level.

​https://www.education.vic.gov.au/school/teachers/teachingresources/discipline/science/continuum/Pages/ecosystem.aspx#:~:text=Energy%20is%20transferred%20between%20organisms,process%20of%20photosynthesis%20in%20plants.

​Energy Transfer

​

Multiple Choice

Which organism has the most available energy in the food web?

• Grass

• Deer

• Hawk

• Insect-eating bird

Multiple Choice

Producers are found at the bottom of the pyramid because producers

• Provide energy for the consumers

• Have less mass than consumers

• Depend on consumers

• Have fewer species than consumers

10% Rule

• Only 10% of the energy get stored. So, when the next level on the pyramid eats them, that 10% gets passed down to them.

• 90% of the energy entering each step of the pyramid is used up by the consumers

Multiple Choice

According to the 10% rule, how much energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next?

• 20%

• 10%

• 5%

• 50%

Multiple Choice

What happens to the amount of energy available to organisms when moving from trophic level 1 to trophic level 2?

• The energy decreases by approximately 90%

• The energy increases by approximately 90%

• The energy increases by approximately 10%

• The energy decreases by approximately 10%

Multiple Choice

What happens to the 90% of energy that is not transferred to the next trophic level?

• It is stored for later use

• It is lost to the environment as heat

• It is converted into matter

• It is used for growth

Multiple Choice

Why do energy pyramids typically have fewer levels at the top than at the base?

• There is more energy available at the top, so fewer levels are needed

• Organisms at the top of the pyramid are larger and need more energy

• Less energy is available for organisms as you move up the pyramid

• More organisms are found at the base of the pyramid than at the top

Multiple Choice

If the producers have 10,000 kilojoules of energy, how much energy do the secondary consumers have?

• 1,000 kilojoules

• 100 kilojoules

• 1 kilojoule

• 10 kilojoules

Multiple Choice

If the tertiary consumers have 0.01 kilojoules of energy, how much energy do the producers have?

• 1 kilojoule

• 100 kilojoules

• 10 kilojoules

• 0.1 kilojoules

Multiple Choice

What would happen to the frog population is insecticide was used by the pond?

• Nothing, they wouldn't be affected

• It would grow in number

• It would decrease in number because the grasshopper population would be destroyed.

• It would die off because of the insecticide

Multiple Choice

A team of ecologists observed feeding patterns of several populations in the desert. The energy pyramid shown below depicts the feeding patterns the ecologist observed. Which of the following best explains the difference in the amount of available energy in the trophic levels of the desert ecosystem?

• There is less energy available in the producers because their tissues are less dense than those at higher trophic levels.
• There is more energy available in the second trophic level because less energy is needed for hunting compared to the higher trophic levels. 
• There is more available energy in the birds of prey because they have greater muscle mass for storing energy than organisms in lower trophic levels have. 
• There is less available energy in the fourth trophic level because of the loss of energy through metabolism in each of the lower trophic levels.

Multiple Choice

An arctic food web is shown. Suppose that the lemming population is removed from the web. Which of the following would be a likely short-term effect of this change?

• The arctic fox population will increase.

• The polar bear population will increase.

• The caribou population will decrease.

• The snowy owl population will decrease.

Multiple Choice

A marine (ocean) food web is shown. A large decrease in the sea otter population would most likely cause the size of which of the following populations to increase the most?

• abalone

• sea urchin

• kelp

• barnacle

Multiple Choice

Which of the following would be the most likely effect, if there were a sudden increase in the cricket population?

• There would be a decrease in the small bird population.
• There would be a decrease in the grass/flowers population.
• There would be a decrease in the mice population.
• There would be an increase in the grass/flowers population.

Multiple Choice

How does deforestation affect the energy flow in a food web?

• It increases the amount of energy available to primary consumers

• It decreases the overall energy flow by reducing the number of primary producers

• It has no significant effect on energy flow

• It redirects energy flow more towards aquatic ecosystems