Geology Unit Test Study Guide

​Geology Unit Test Study Guide

By Cassandra Conn

Multiple Select

Check all of the examples of catastrophism

• weathering

• erosion

• tornado

• volcanic eruption

• hurricane

Multiple Choice

Uniformitarianism or Catastrophism?

• Uniformitarianism

• Catastrophism

Multiple Choice

Uniformitarianism or Catastrophism?

• Uniformitarianism

• Catastrophism

Multiple Choice

Uniformitarianism or Catastrophism?

• Uniformitarianism

• Catastrophism

Multiple Choice

Gradual changes that take millions of years

• Uniformitarianism

• Catastrophism

Multiple Choice

A one time event that alters a landforms

• Uniformitarianism

• Catastrophism

Multiple Choice

Which scientists is credited with creating Continental Drift Theory?

• James Hutton

• Charles Lyell

• Alfred Wegener

• Harry Hess

Multiple Choice

What does the theory of continental drift explain?

• How continents changed over time

• layers of the earth

• how volcanoes form

• rock cycle

Multiple Choice

What two specific continents fit together most noticeably?

• Africa and North America

• South America and Europe

• South America and Africa

• Antarctica and Africa

Multiple Choice

The best evidence that the continents were once connected is that they have matching...

• weather, fossils, and rock types

• coastlines, weather, and rock types

• coastlines, weather and fossils

• rock types, fossils, and coastlines

Multiple Choice

Why did other scientists have a hard time believing Wegener's theory of continental drift?

• He could not explain how the continents moved

• He didn't have enough evidence

• His evidence was wrong

• He didn't use the right technology to gather data

Multiple Select

Scientists have gathered evidence to prove which two statements about the continents?

• Each continent's location has changed.

• The shape of the continents has changed.

• The continents were once joined

• The continents formed not long ago.

Multiple Choice

Which boundary type creates sea floor spreading?

• divergent

• convergent

• transform

Multiple Choice

Which boundary type creates tall mountains?

• divergent

• convergent

• transform

Multiple Choice

Which type of boundary creates mid ocean ridges?

• convergent

• divergent

• transform

Multiple Choice

What kind of boundary creates a fault?

• divergent

• convergent

• transform

Multiple Select

Which of the following were evidence that the Earth's continents were once in vastly different locations than they are today? (select all that apply).

• matching rock type

• matching fossil types

• the puzzle like fit of the continents

Multiple Choice

What causes the tectonic plates to move?

• They are drifting

• The convection currents in the Earth's mantle

• The conduction currents in the Earth's mantle

• Earth's radiation

Multiple Choice

Where is sea floor the YOUNGEST?

• near the mid ocean ridges

• Far way from the mid ocean ridges

Multiple Choice

new crust forms when..

• two plates spread apart and magma rises up

• two plates come together and form new land

• two plates scrape past each other

Multiple Choice

Where is sea floor the oldest?

• close to the mid ocean ridge

• in the middle of the mid ocean ridge

• far away from the mid ocean ridge

Multiple Choice

Earth's surface is broken into large slabs of rock called..

• the mantle

• magma

• tectonic plates

Multiple Choice

What kind of boundary is shown here?

• divergent

• transform

• convergent

Multiple Choice

What kind of boundary is shown here?

• convergent

• divergent

• transform

Multiple Choice

What kind of boundary is shown here?

• divergent

• convergent

• transform

Multiple Choice

Earthquakes are most likely going to occur at a ________ boundary.

• Divergent

• Convergent

• Asthenospheric

• Transform

Multiple Choice

What is the difference between magma and lava?

• Magma is above the Earth's surface; lava is beneath it.

• Magma is below the Earth's surface; lava is above it.

• Magma is very common; lava is more rare.

• Magma is very rare; lava is more common

Multiple Choice

Using the map above, where do earthquakes and volcanoes typically occur? 

• Volcanoes & Earthquakes typically occur ONLY around edges of the Pacific Plate.

• Volcanoes & Earthquakes typically occur in the middle of tectonic plates.

• Volcanoes & Earthquakes typically occur around edges of tectonic plates.

• Volcanoes & Earthquakes have no connection to tectonic plates.

Multiple Choice

In order of sedimentary rock to form, which of the following must occur?

• Compaction

• Intrusion

• Oxidation

• Metamorphism

Multiple Choice

This rock formed when bits of other rocks became pressed into a solid. What type of rock is it?

• Sedimentary Rock

• Igneous Rock

• Metamorphic Rock

Multiple Choice

This rock was formed when molten rock cooled into a solid. What type of rock is it?

• Igneous Rock

• Sedimentary Rock

• Metamorphic Rock

Multiple Choice

What are the 3 major types of rock?

• Igneous, Metamorphic, Sedimentary

• Brown, Red, Gray

• Metamorphic, Igneous, Cementation

• Streak, Hardness, Breakage

Multiple Choice

This rock was formed by smaller pieces of rock that settled at the bottom of a lake millions of years ago. What type of rock is this?

• Sedimentary

• Igneous

• Metamorphic

Multiple Choice

Which of the words below describe mud, sand, and tiny bits of rocks that cement together to form a type of rock?

• Stalagtites

• Metamorphs

• Magma

• Sediments

Multiple Choice

What causes igneous rocks to form?

• Pressure

• Compaction

• Cooling Magma and Lava

• Cementation

Multiple Choice

Metamorphic rocks were once...

• igneous rocks that cooled quickly

• seashells that pressed together

• sedimentary rocks that were changed by time, heat, and pressure

• layers of mud and sand that built up over time

Multiple Choice

Rocks formed by heat and pressure beneath the Earth's surface are...

• Igneous

• Sedementary

• Metamorphic

• Magma

Multiple Choice

A rock made of magma that cools inside the Earth and contains large crystals?

• Igneous

• Sedimentary

• Metamorphic

• Magma

Multiple Choice

When heat and water and ice break down rock into sediments this is called?

• Erosion

• Weathering

• Compaction

• Deposition

Multiple Choice

Which of the following describes the process of sediments being picked up and carried away by wind, moving water, or ice

• Erosion

• Weathering

• Deposition

• Compaction

Multiple Choice

What numbers indicate melting and cooling?

• 1,2,4

• 6,7,11

• 7,8,9

• 4,5

Multiple Choice

Letter C represents what rock type?

• Igneous

• Metamorphic

• Sedimentary

Multiple Choice

Weathering and erosion can be represented by which numbers?

• 2,4,7

• 7,8,9,10

• 1,5,6

• 2,3,4

Multiple Choice

Which of these processes describes how sand is deposited on beaches?

• waves carry sand to the beach and the sun dries the water, leaving sand behind.

• Wind and waves grind up rocks under the beach into grains of sand.

• Wind carries sand onto beaches from the land and then levels it out.

• waves carry sand up the sloping beach, depositing sand as the waves lose speed.

Multiple Choice

What is the breakdown of the Earth’s crust into sediment called?

• erosion

• deposition

• weathering

• whooshing

Multiple Choice

What is it called when weathered rock is carried away?

• weathering

• erosion

• deposition

• breaking

Multiple Choice

Which of these is an example of erosion?

• light shining onto a mountain

• wind blowing away sediment

• rain breaking down rock

• all options are correct

Multiple Choice

Which of these examples is deposition?

• wind blowing sand

• sand that was dropped on the beach by waves

• pebbles falling downhill due to gravity

• a tree root breaking a rock

Multiple Choice

What is the movement of weathered material (sediment) from one place to another by wind, water, gravity, or ice?

• erosion

• deposition

• chemical weathering

• physical weathering

Multiple Choice

_______________ moves material from one place to another.

• Weathering

• Erosion

• Deposition

Multiple Choice

This is the process of dropping sediment in a new location.

• Weathering

• Erosion

• Deposition

Multiple Choice

How does crystallization occur?

• Crystals form from magma.

• Crystals form from plate tectonics.

• Crystals form from weathering and erosion.

• Crystals form from compaction and cementation.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following orders the rock layers accurately from oldest to youngest?

• 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

• 5, 4, 3, 2, 1

• 2, 3, 4, 5, 1

• 1, 2, 3, 5, 4

Multiple Choice

Which of the following occurred relatively most recently?

• Fault A

• Intrusion B

• Folding

• Intrusion D

Multiple Choice

Which fossil is relatively the oldest?

• Trilobite
• Ammonite
• Crinoid
• Gastropod

Multiple Choice

According to the law of superposition, the oldest fossils are found 

• At the top of the rock layers
• Near the bottom of the rock layers
• In the middle of the rock layers
• Somewhat near the surface

Multiple Choice

Which rock layer was deposited first, and is the oldest rock, in this diagram?

• B

• C

• D

• E

Multiple Choice

What is the youngest layer in the diagram?

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

Which fossil makes the best index fossil?

• Fossil 1
• Fossil 2
• Fossil 3
• None follow all of the rules

Multiple Choice

Which fossil makes the best index fossil?

• Fossil 1
• Fossil 2
• Fossil 3
• None follow all of the rules

Multiple Choice

To be considered an index fossil, it had to have lived for a relatively short period of time.

• True
• False

Multiple Choice

If you found an index fossil in a layer of rock in Montana and a similar fossil in a layer of rock in Texas, you would know that:

• the fossils and rock layers are the same age

• the fossils from Montana are older

• the fossils from England are older

• none of the above

Multiple Choice

Which fossil would make the best index fossil?

• Trilobite

• Ammonite

• Coral

• Crinoid

Multiple Choice

What is the best reason that fossil #4 is NOT a good index fossil?

• It is not widespread

• it is not short-lived (in numerous layers)

• It is in half of the outcrops

Multiple Choice

Which fossil makes the best index fossil?

• ammonite

• brachiopod

• trilobite

• shark

• all four are good index fossils

Multiple Choice

What letter would be the best example of an index fossil?

• X

• Z

• Y

• W

Multiple Choice

To be considered an index fossil, it had to have lived for a relatively short period of time.

• True
• False

Multiple Choice

If you found an index fossil in a layer of rock in Montana and a similar fossil in a layer of rock in Texas, you would know that:

• the fossils and rock layers are the same age

• the fossils from Montana are older

• the fossils from England are older

• none of the above

Multiple Choice

How does absolute age differ from relative age?

• only absolute dating indicates which rock is older than another
• only absolute dating finds the age in years
• only relative dating finds the age in years

Multiple Choice

Which fossil would make the best index fossil?

• Trilobite

• Ammonite

• Coral

• Crinoid

Multiple Choice

Which is the best index fossil?