Classification & Taxonomy Review

​Classification, Taxonomy & Cladistics Review

By Laura Rodriguez

All organisms are divided up into 3 domains

Based on the cell type and the chemical components of the cells.

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3 Domains of Life

• Prokaryotic cells

• Kingdom Eubacteria

• Includes prokaryotes that are commonly encountered - beneficial and pathogenic.

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Domain Bacteria

• Prokaryotic cells

• Kingdom Archaebacteria

• Includes prokaryotes that are extremophiles (thermophiles, halophiles, methanogens)

Domain Archaea

• Eukaryotic cells

• Kingdoms: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

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Domain Eukarya

All life used to be divided into prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, but molecular analysis of the cell walls of prokaryotes led to the organization of prokaryotes into the domains Bacteria & Archaea.

Multiple Choice

Streptococcus pyogens is a bacteria that spreads through airborne droplets when someone with the infection coughs or sneezes. Which kingdom is this bacteria in?

• Archaebacteria

• Protista

• Eubacteria

• Fungi

Multiple Choice

Halophiles are organisms that are able to grow and live in extreme salty environments. Which DOMAIN are halophiles in?

• archaebacteria

• archaea

• bacteria

• eubacteria

Multiple Choice

Do prokaryotes have a nucleus? 

• yes
• no

Multiple Choice

Which is TRUE about the members of the domain Bacteria?

• They are multicellular.
• They are prokaryotes.
• They are only heterotrophic.
• The cell walls always contain peptidoglycans.

Match

Match the following domains with their characteristics.

• Bacteria

• Archaea

• Eukarya

Single-celled organisms without a nucleus, often found in diverse environments.

Single-celled organisms without a nucleus, often found in extreme environments.

Organisms with cells that contain a nucleus and organelles.

• Single-celled organisms without a nucleus, often found in diverse environments.

• Single-celled organisms without a nucleus, often found in extreme environments.

• Organisms with cells that contain a nucleus and organelles.

Match

Match the following domains with the environments they are typically found in.

• Bacteria

• Archaea

• Eukarya

Found in diverse environments including soil, water, and human bodies

Thrives in extreme environments such as volcanic hot springs

Includes organisms like plants, animals, and fungi

• Found in diverse environments including soil, water, and human bodies

• Thrives in extreme environments such as volcanic hot springs

• Includes organisms like plants, animals, and fungi

Multiple Select

Which FOUR of the following belong to the Domain Eukarya?

• Protista

• Plantae

• Animalia

• Fungi

• Bacteria

Multiple Choice

This animal is a unicellular, prokaryote autotroph that lives in Yellowstone hot springs. The hot springs can reach up to 200 degrees Fahrenheit. This organism belongs to the Domain __.

• Eukarya

• Bacteria

• Archaea

Multiple Select

Which TWO domains are composed of only unicellular organisms?

• Eukarya

• Archaea

• Bacteria

Multiple Choice

Which domain contains organisms with a nucleus?

• Eukarya

• Archaea

• Bacteria

​Taxonomy

Broadest Category - organisms not closely related

Multiple Choice

Protista are there own kingdom because they have characteristics of

• Just plants

• Plants and animals

• Fungi

• Plants, animals or fungi

Multiple Choice

One characteristic of the plant kingdom include

• Their cell walls are made of cellulose

• They are green

• They are the only ones to do photosynthesis

• They require water to grow

Multiple Choice

The most specific term when classifying organisms is

• Genus

• Class

• Family

• Species

Multiple Choice

Which two kingdoms are entirely multicellular?

• Animalia and Plantae
• Animalia and Protista
• Protista and Plantae

Multiple Choice

Which kingdoms have some organisms that can make their own food (autotrophic)?

• Plantae and Animalia
• Fungi and Plantae
• Protista and Plantae

Match

Match the vocab word to the correct description.

• 3 groups of living things

• Simple cell with no nucleus

• Complex cell with a nucleus

• Organism that harnesses its own energy

• Organisms that get their energy from other organisms

Domains

Prokaryotic Cell

Eukaryotic Cell

Autotroph

Heterotroph

• Domains

• Prokaryotic Cell

• Eukaryotic Cell

• Autotroph

• Heterotroph

Multiple Choice

This organism lives in the rainforest and is unicellular with a nucleus. It is heterotrophic and found in rainwater trapped in leaves.

• Domain Eukarya, Kingdom Protista

• Domain Eukarya, Kingdom Fungi

• Domain Archaea, Kingdom Archaea

• Domain Bacteria, Kingdom Bacteria

Multiple Choice

What is the role of fungi in ecosystems?

• Fungi produce oxygen for plants.

• Fungi decompose organic matter, recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem.

• Fungi are primary producers in food chains.

• Fungi cause diseases in plants and animals.

Multiple Choice

What type of organisms are found in the kingdom Plantae?

• Unicellular, prokaryotic organisms that perform photosynthesis.

• Multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that perform photosynthesis.

• Multicellular, prokaryotic organisms that absorb nutrients.

• Unicellular, eukaryotic organisms that perform chemosynthesis.

Multiple Choice

Identify the kingdom...
Multicellular organism with cell walls made of chitin found growing on a decomposing manure pile.

• Archaebacteria
• Eubacteria
• Protista
• Fungi

Need to recognize characteristics of the different phyla and classes in the Animal Kingdom

Multiple Choice

Which of the following sets of animals would be the most closely related?

• Animals in the same order

• Animals in the same genus

• Animals in the same class

• Animals in the same family

Multiple Choice

Which of the following groups of vertebrates would contain the least related animals?

• Vertebrates in the same genus

• Vertebrates in the same species

• Vertebrates in the same class

• Vertebrates in the same family

Multiple Choice

Animals that have hair or fur are...

• Mammals
• Birds
• Fishes
• Reptiles 

Multiple Choice

An animal without a backbone

• chirdate

• vertebrate

• spina corda

• invertebrate

Match

Match the following

Cnidarian

Arthropod

Annelid

Mollusk

Chordate

• Cnidarian

• Arthropod

• Annelid

• Mollusk

• Chordate

Multiple Choice

An imaginary line that can bisect an animal into right and left parts is an example of ___

• asymmetry

• symmetry

• bilateral symmetry

• radial symmetry

Multiple Choice

Organisms with radial symmetry...

• can be divided into left and right

• can be divided into wedges, like a pizza

• have no order or divisions to their shape

How Organisms are Named

Multiple Choice

The American lobster (Homarus americanus) is most closely related to which of the following organisms?

• Cape lobster (Homarinus capensis)

• Common lobster (Homarus gammarus)

• Patagonian lobsterette (Thymops birsteini)

• Scarlett clawed lobster (Nephropsis atlantica)

Multiple Choice

Black panthers (Panthera onca) are a color variant of a species of large cats.  Black panthers would be most closely related to what organism listed below?

• Tiger (Panthera tigris)

• Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus)

• Puma (Puma concolor)

Multiple Choice

Which of the following pairs of organisms from the table shown to the left would be the most closely related?

• Desert iguana and Box turtle

• Chuckwalla and Bush anole

• Box turtle and Bush anole

• Desert iguana and Chuchwalla

Showing Relationships

Multiple Choice

Who is most closely related to Taxidea taxus?

• Lutra lutra

• Panthera pardus

• Canis latrans

• Canis lupus

Multiple Choice

According to this phylogenetic tree, which creature is the least related out of all pictured?

• Fish

• Frog

• Salamander

• Human

Multiple Choice

Which trait (adaptation) was developed most recently?

• tetrapod limbs

• feathers

• amnion

• They developed at the same time

Hotspot

Which numbered location on the phylogenetic tree identifies characteristics shared by Species B, C, and D?

Multiple Choice

Which group of animals on this tree are most closely related to birds?

• Saurischian dinosaurs

• Ornithischian dinosaurs

• Crocodiles

• None of these are related to birds