Cardiorespiratory System

​Cardiorespiratory System

By Aguado Angelica

• Arteries (carry oxygenated blood)

  • arterioles (small branches)

• veins (carry deoxygenated blood)

  • venules (small branches)

• Capillary bed

  • capillaries are the smallest vessels

  • direct gas exchange with cells and tissues

Blood vessels

• Tunica externa

  • outermost layer

    • elastic membrane​

• Tunica media

  • smooth muscle

• Tunica intima

  • epithelial cells

  • basement membrane

3 layers

Arteries

• Same layers as arteries

  • media tunica is much thinner

  • less elasticity

• Valves

  • prevent backflow of blood

3 layers

Veins

​Arteries

• ​thick elastic walls

• ​smaller expandable lumen (opening)

• ​higher pressure

​Veins

• thinner non-elastic walls

• large lumen

• lower pressure

• valves

​​Arteries vs Veins

Capillaries

Microscopic blood vessels

• single layer epithelial

  • diffusion of gases in and out of tissues

  • exchange of nutrients and waste

  • capillary sphincters

    • regulate the flow of blood

Blood pressure

The force that blood exerts on the walls of the vessel place with sub-header

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Sphygmomanometer

​A device used to measure blood pressure

​Blood Pressure Terms

Diseases of the veins

• Varicose veins

  • Damage to the valve altering blood flow

    • sedentary lifestyle or genetics

• Deep vein Thrombosis

  • blood clots forms in the vein

    • surgery, inflammation, and damage to the vein

Diseases of the Arteries

• Hypertension

  • blood pressure is consistently 140/90 mm Hg

    • unhealthy lifestyle choices

    • Pregnancy

• Atherosclerosis

  • buildup of plaque in the inner lining of an artery

    • unhealthy lifestyle choices (hypertension)

    • high cholesterol

• Aneurysm

  • A ballooning and weakened area in an artery

    • Hypertension and atherosclerosis

Disease of the Arteries

• Embolism

  • Blocked artery

    • stroke (brain)

    • pulmonary embolism (lung)

      • hypertension, cholesterol, and lifestyle choices

• Coronary Artery Disease

  • Plaque buildup

    • atherosclerosis and high cholesterol (heart attack/myocardial infarction)

Heart Wall Disorders

• Cardiomyopathy

  • Thinning of ventricular heart walls

    • Hypertension and heart disease

• Valvular dysfunction

  • valves do not function properly; blood leaks back into chambers

    • Murmur

    • Aortic Stenosis

      • Hypertension and atherosclerosis

      • Rheumatic disease (untreated strep throat)

Heart Failure

Reduced cardiac output

• Right side

  • the heart is too weak to pump enough blood to your lungs to get oxygen.

• Left Side

  • the heart can't pump enough oxygen-rich blood out to your body

diseases of the respiratory system

Cystic Fibrosis is involved with the respiratory system. Cystic Fibrosis is an inherited disease that causes your mucus to thicken which will form in the lungs, pancreas and other organs. In the lungs the mucus will end up blocking the airways creating lung damage, and making it hard to breathe

Pneumonia is involved with the respiratory system. Pneumonia is an infection in the lungs caused by bacteria, viruses or fungi. The infection causes the lungs to be inflamed and fill up with fluid or pus. This can make it hard for the oxygen to make it into your blood.

Asthma is caused by an inflammation of the airways. Symptoms include wheezing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. Environmental factors such as pollen, dust, and mold can trigger asthma attacks. Treatment for asthma is called an inhaler.