Innate Immunity First Line of Defense

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes innate immunity?

• It is a specific response that develops over time.

• It is an inborn, ancient protection found in all eukaryotic organisms.

• It only occurs in vertebrate animals.

• It exhibits memory of past infections.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the difference between being 'immune' and 'susceptible' to a pathogen?

• Immune means having specific protection, susceptible means not immune and at risk of infection.

• Immune means being exposed to a pathogen, susceptible means never exposed.

• Immune means having a fever, susceptible means having no symptoms.

• Immune means taking antibiotics, susceptible means not taking antibiotics.

Multiple Choice

What are the three collaborating lines of defense in the immune system?

• Barrier defenses, cellular and molecular defenses, adaptive defenses

• Physical barriers, chemical barriers, fever

• Antibodies, white blood cells, inflammation

• Vaccines, antibiotics, memory cells

Multiple Choice

When the normal microbiota community changes, what can happen to the immune system?

• It may become confused and overreact against harmless agents.

• It becomes stronger and more effective.

• It stops responding to pathogens.

• It produces more antibodies.

Multiple Select

Select all statements that are supported by studies of germ-free animals regarding immune system development.

• Microbe-free environments lead to underdeveloped immune systems.

• Normal microbiota have a direct role in immune system development.

• Germ-free animals have stronger immune responses.

• Microbiota are not important for immune system development.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a type of first-line defense against pathogens?

• Mechanical barrier

• Chemical barrier

• Physical barrier

• Antibody production

Multiple Select

Which of the following are examples of mechanical barriers?

• Tears washing debris from eyes

• Hydrochloric acid in the stomach

• Mucus membranes trapping microbes

• Urine flushing microbes out of the body

Multiple Choice

What is the primary function of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs)?

• Stimulate antibody production

• Destroy a wide spectrum of microbes

• Increase mucus production

• Neutralize stomach acid

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the function of defensins in mammalian immune defense?

• They physically block pathogen entry by forming barriers on the skin.

• They rapidly kill invaders by inserting themselves into target cell membranes.

• They produce antibodies to neutralize pathogens.

• They engulf and digest pathogens through phagocytosis.

Multiple Choice

What is the main role of epithelial tissue in the immune system?

• To produce antibodies against pathogens

• To line every body cavity and entrance, acting as a physical barrier

• To circulate lymph throughout the body

• To filter blood in the kidneys