SOLUBILITY

Open Ended

Why is it important to understand the concept of solubility and concentration when making solutions like lemonade?

Open Ended

How are solutions with different amounts of solute described?

Multiple Choice

What is the definition of solubility?

• The amount of solvent in a solution

• The maximum amount of a solute that dissolves in a given amount of solvent at a constant temperature

• The temperature at which a solute dissolves

• The amount of solute in a saturated solution

Multiple Choice

Which of the following compounds has the highest solubility in water at 20°C?

• Table salt (NaCl)

• Baking soda (NaHCO₃)

• Table sugar (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁)

• Calcium carbonate

Open Ended

Compare the solubility of table salt, baking soda, and table sugar in 100 grams of water at 20°C. What does this tell you about their ability to dissolve?

Multiple Select

Select all statements that are true about saturated solutions at 20°C.

• A saturated solution contains as much solute as the solvent can hold.

• Adding more solute to a saturated solution will cause it to dissolve.

• At 20°C, 203.9 grams of table sugar will dissolve in 100 grams of water.

• A saturated solution can dissolve more solute at the same temperature.

Fill in the Blank

At 20°C, how many grams of table sugar will dissolve in 100 grams of water before the solution becomes saturated?

Open Ended

Explain the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated solution, and give an example of each.

Multiple Choice

Which statement best describes a supersaturated solution?

• A solution that contains less solute than it can normally hold at a given temperature.

• A solution that contains exactly as much solute as it can hold at a given temperature.

• A solution that contains more solute than it can normally hold at a given temperature.

• A solution that cannot dissolve any more solute at any temperature.

Open Ended

Explain why supersaturated solutions are considered unstable. Use the example of sodium acetate in water to support your answer.

Multiple Choice

What are the three main factors that affect the solubility of a solute?

• Polarity of the solvent, temperature, and pressure

• Volume of the solvent, color of the solute, and density

• Temperature, mass, and concentration

• Pressure, boiling point, and freezing point

Fill in the Blank

A soap molecule has a polar end, which attracts ___ molecules, and a nonpolar end, which attracts oil.

Multiple Select

Select all combinations of solvent and solute types that are more likely to form a solution.

• Polar solvent and polar (or ionic) solute

• Polar solvent and nonpolar solute

• Nonpolar solvent and polar (or ionic) solute

• Nonpolar solvent and nonpolar solute

Open Ended

Describe how soaps and detergents help remove grease and oil stains from surfaces or skin.

Multiple Choice

How does increasing the temperature of a solvent generally affect the solubility of solids and gases?

• It increases the solubility of both solids and gases.

• It decreases the solubility of both solids and gases.

• It increases the solubility of solids but decreases the solubility of gases.

• It has no effect on solubility.

Open Ended

Explain how pressure affects the solubility of gases in liquids, and provide a real-world example.

Fill in the Blank

What are three ways to measure the concentration of a solution?

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements about percent by volume is correct?

• It measures the concentration of solids in a solution.

• It is used to measure the concentration of one liquid dissolved in another.

• It is only used for natural fruit juices.

• It is not useful for bottled or canned juices.

Fill in the Blank

Percent by volume is calculated using the formula: Percent by volume = ___ / Volume of solution × 100%.

Open Ended

Compare and contrast percent by volume and percent by mass as methods for expressing concentration. When is each method most useful?

Fill in the Blank

Molarity is the number of ___ of a solute dissolved per liter of solution.

Multiple Choice

What is the formula for calculating molarity?

• Moles of solute divided by liters of solution

• Grams of solute divided by liters of solution

• Liters of solution divided by moles of solute

• Moles of solute divided by grams of solution

Open Ended

Explain how you would prepare a 1-molar solution of sodium chloride (NaCl) in water.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements is true about a 1M NaCl solution?

• It contains 58.5 grams of NaCl per liter.

• It contains 1 gram of NaCl per liter.

• It contains 100 grams of NaCl per liter.

• It contains 58.5 grams of NaCl per 100 mL.

Multiple Choice

Compound X has a solubility of 20 g in 100 g of water at 20°C. What is the minimum amount of water needed to dissolve 50 g of compound X?

• 250 g

• 100 g

• 500 g

• 200 g

Multiple Choice

A saturated solution of carbon dioxide in water suddenly experiences an increase in pressure. What happens to the solution?

• Bubbles form as the carbon dioxide comes out of the water.

• It becomes supersaturated.

• It remains saturated.

• More carbon dioxide can now be dissolved in the water.

Open Ended

Reflecting on what you learned about solubility and concentration, how would you explain the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated solution to someone who has never studied chemistry?

Multiple Choice

What happens when you keep adding sugar to lemonade after it has reached its solubility limit?

• The solution becomes sweeter

• Sugar continues to dissolve

• Sugar starts to settle at the bottom

• The lemonade turns sour