Usul Tafsir

By diAn haziqah

1) Al-Hadd (definition)

Terminology:

Faraidh is the study of the categories of inheritance, their prescribed portion, and the laws governing their distribution.

​Topic: Faraidh

The primary focus is interpreting the specific verses (4:11, 4:12, and 4:176) to determine:
- who inherits
- how much they inherit
- and who is excluded

​Topic: Faraidh

2) Al-Mawdhu' (subject matter)

Asbabun nuzul

​Topic: Faraidh

Multiple Choice

quick case study!

يُوصِيكُمُ ٱللَّهُ فِىٓ أَوْلَـٰدِكُمْ ۖ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ ٱلْأُنثَيَيْنِ

"Allah commands you regarding your children:

the share of the male will be twice that of the female..."

so if Ahmad leaves behind 1 son and 1 daughter,

what is the portion of the estate that the daughter will receive?

• 1/2

• 1/3

• 1/4

• 1/5

3) Ath-Thamarah (outcome/benefit)

“These are the limits set by Allah. Whoever obeys Allah and His Messenger will be admitted into Gardens under which rivers flow, abiding eternally therein; and that is the great attainment!"

[ Surah An-Nisaa’ 4:13 ]

​Topic: Faraidh

Multiple Select

benefits of Faraidh [select the correct answers!]

• fair distribution of wealth

• prevents family disputes and conflicts

• allows the deceased to freely distribute all their wealth according to personal wishes

• protects the rights of all heirs

4) Al-Fadhl (virtues/merits)

​Topic: Faraidh

5) An-Nisbah (relationship to other sciences)

Faraidh is an integral part of Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh), specifically dealing with family and property law.

​Topic: Faraidh

6) Al-Wadhi (founder of the science)

يَسْتَفْتُونَكَ قُلِ ٱللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِى ٱلْكَلَـٰلَةِ ۚ إِنِ ٱمْرُؤٌا۟ هَلَكَ لَيْسَ لَهُۥ وَلَدٌۭ وَلَهُۥٓ أُخْتٌۭ فَلَهَا نِصْفُ مَا تَرَكَ ۚ وَهُوَ يَرِثُهَآ إِن لَّمْ يَكُن لَّهَا وَلَدٌۭ ۚ فَإِن كَانَتَا ٱثْنَتَيْنِ فَلَهُمَا ٱلثُّلُثَانِ مِمَّا تَرَكَ ۚ وَإِن كَانُوٓا۟ إِخْوَةًۭ رِّجَالًۭا وَنِسَآءًۭ فَلِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ ٱلْأُنثَيَيْنِ ۗ يُبَيِّنُ ٱللَّهُ لَكُمْ أَن تَضِلُّوا۟ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَىْءٍ عَلِيمٌۢ

​Topic: Faraidh

"They ask you ˹for a ruling, O Prophet˺. Say, “Allah gives you a ruling regarding those who die without children or parents.” If a man dies childless and leaves behind a sister, she will inherit one-half of his estate, whereas her brother will inherit all of her estate if she dies childless. If this person leaves behind two sisters, they together will inherit two-thirds of the estate. But if the deceased leaves male and female siblings, a male’s share will be equal to that of two females. Allah makes ˹this˺ clear to you so you do not go astray. And Allah has ˹perfect˺ knowledge of all things."

[ Surah An-Nisaa' : 176 ]

Multiple Choice

select the correct statement

• The founder of Faraidh is Prophet Muhammad SAW, and the explainer is Allah SWT.

• The founder of Faraidh is Aisyah, and the explainer is Salwa.

• The founder of Faraidh is Allah SWT, and the explainer is Prophet Muhammad SAW.

• The founder of Faraidh is Zidane, and the explainer is Diarfitri.

7) Al-Ism
(name of the science)

​Topic: Faraidh

Multiple Choice

select the INCORRECT name of the science

• ‘Ilm al-Faraidh

• 'Ilm al-Kawthar

• ‘Ilm al-Miraath

Multiple Choice

( فرائض )

select the CORRECT spelling of the

Arabic word "Faraidh" broken down into huruf

• ف ر ا ئ د

• ف ر ا ئ ض

• ق ر ا ئ ض

• ق ر ا ئ د

8) Al-Istimdad (sources and evidences)

• Dalil from Al-Qur'an (Surah An-Nisaa'); using Tafsir bil-Ma’thuur i.e. interpretation of Quran by Quran or by Sunnah, to define terms like "kalaalah" (a person with no direct descendants or ascendants)

• Dalil from authentic Hadiths eg. maximum 1/3 wasiyyah

​Topic: Faraidh

9) Al-Hukmu Asy-Syari'
(legal ruling of studying it)

​Topic: Faraidh

Multiple Choice

what is the legal ruling of studying 'Ilm al-Faraidh?

• fardh kifaayah

• fardh 'ayn

Open Ended

when does learning Faraidh become fardh 'ayn (an individual obligation)?

10) Al-Masail (core issues discussed within the science)

• Eligible heirs

• Fixed shares (فروض)

• Residuaries ('asabah)

• Hajb (exclusion)

• 'Awl and Radd

​Topic: Faraidh

Multiple Choice

which of the following is NOT among 10 principles of Usul Tafsir?

• al-istimdad

• al-hadd

• al-fadhl

• al-kalam

• al-ism

10) Al-Masail (core issues discussed within the science)

• Eligible heirs

• Fixed shares (فروض)

• Residuaries (‘aṣabah)

• Hajb (exclusion)

• 'Awl and Radd

​Topic: Faraidh