​Evolution Day 2: Natural Selection Terms and Conditions

​Evolution Day 2: Natural Selection Terms and Conditions

Multiple Choice

Why are advantageous traits more likely to be passed onto offspring?

• Because they are more likely to survive and reproduce.
• Because they come from dominant alleles.
• Because they come from recessive alleles.
• Because the trait is an acquired phenotype.

Multiple Choice

Which moth coloration is being selected FOR by natural selection?

• light 
• dark

Multiple Choice

Which concept suggests that organisms best suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce?

• Artificial Selection
• Common Descent
• Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics
• Natural Selection

Multiple Choice

3. Scientists have discovered bacteria that can survive in the hot temperatures found in the lava of volcanoes. Which statement best explains how bacteria could survive in this environment?

• A.Bacteria are small enough not to be killed by heat.

• B.Bacteria are simple organisms and can live in any conditions.

• C.Bacteria have mutated and those suited to the environment survive there.

• D. Bacteria grow faster in hot conditions and so are suited to the environment.

Multiple Choice

During his trip to the Galapagos Islands, Charles Darwin observed that finches on different islands had different features. Ultimately, how did this observation contribute to Darwin’s theory of natural selection?

• A.He concluded that every instance of species variation results in a beneficial mutation.

• B.He concluded that mutation inhibits the chance that an organism will adapt to its environment.

• C. He concluded that species develop mutations exclusively because of electromagnetic radiation.

• D. He concluded that traits well suited to an organism’s environment are more likely to be passed on to successive generations.

Multiple Choice

The geologic time scale is a record of

• the thickness of sedimentary layers

• the rate of fossil formation

• the life forms and geologic events in Earth's history

• the time since the evolution of dinosaurs

Multiple Choice

The time line shows the evolution of life forms during the geologic time scale.Which statement is supported by the time line?

• Dinosaurs became extinct 150 million years ago.
• Birds evolved approximately 275 million years ago.
• Animals started inhabiting land approximately 300 million years ago.
• Insects and amphibians appeared approximately 325 million years ago.
  

Multiple Choice

Which of these enables the calf in the picture to look different to its Mum?

• Adaptation

• Inheritance

• Evolution

Drag and Drop

Mutations are a change in what?

Placeholder

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

DNA

tRNA

protein

rRNA

Multiple Choice

Why is the mouse population changing over time?

• The light mice can reproduce more successfully than the dark mice
• The hawks eat more dark mice than light mice because the dark mice taste better
• The hawks eat more light mice than dark mice because they can see the light mice more easily
• The hawks eat more dark mice than light mice because they can see the dark mice more easily

Drag and Drop

What process is being shown in this image?

Placeholder

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

Variation

Natural Selection

Selective Breeding

Homeostasis

Drag and Drop

"Organisms that are better adapted to the environment survive to pass traits to their offspring" is the definition of

Placeholder

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

Natural Selection

Evolution

Selective Breeding

Artificial Selection

Drag and Drop

How do you "win" at natural selection?

Placeholder

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

survive

go extinct

survive & reproduce

What even is Natural Selection

Darwin reasoned that natural selection results in favorable traits being represented more and more and unfavorable ones less and less in ensuing generations of organisms.

These traits can be selected for/against by several factors in the natural environment.

The Factors Doing the Selecting

1. Overproduction: Within a population, more offspring are produced than can survive due to limitations of food and living space

2. Competition: Individuals compete for food, shelter, and opportunities to reproduce!
   Remember Thomas Malthus? #1 and #2 were his whole deal.

3. Variation: Some individuals are better able to survive than others due to natural differences

4. Survival of the Fittest: Individuals better fit to survive are more likely to live long enough to reproduce

Variation in Ladybugs

Variation in Clownfish

The Factors Doing the Selecting

5. Transmission of Favorable Variations: Favorable characteristics that allow for survival and reproduction will be passed on to the next generation. Characteristics that reduce an organisms chance of survival will decrease over time (descent with modification)

   -
   

6. Evolution of a New Species: Accumulation of advantageous variations will eventually lead to the evolution of a new species better adapted to the environment.

Panthers are just jaguars/leopards with a condition called Melanism (their body makes a lot of melanin, which makes them a darker color). It's rare to see in nature because it makes them stand out, not favorable.

Multiple Choice

Why do frogs and other organism reproduce so many eggs or offspring?

• so that their babies can have friends to play with
• the more offspring the more likely the offspring will survive
• the more offspring the less likely offspring will survive 
• the more offspring the less competition

Multiple Choice

The differences among a species, like different bird beaks, are called

• genes.
• variations.
• traits.
• theories.

Multiple Choice

Organisms within a population have genetic differences in their traits called.

• Genotypes
• Variation
• Natural Selection
• Heterozygous

Drag and Drop

Natural selection creates new traits. ​

Placeholder

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

False

True

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT an example of natural selection? 

• People selectively breeding hamsters.
• Insect populations developing resistance to certain pesticides.
• Bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics.
• Male birds of certain species developing colorful feathers to attract female mates.

Multiple Choice

These cause variations.

• mutations
• adaptations
• a desire to change
• injuries

What causes variations?

Changes in the genes in gametes of sexually reproducing organisms can be passed onto offspring (aka mutations in the DNA of SEX CELLS, like sperm and eggs). Mutations in body cells will NEVER be passed onto offspring. The mutations MUST occur in the DNA of SEX CELLS. There are two ways that an organism can have gene combinations that differ from the parent:

1. Genetic Shuffling
The sorting and recombination of genes during meiosis and fertilization results in new combination of genes
This is the major source of variation is sexually reproducing species. For example, a human couple could produce an estimated 70 trillion genetically unique offspring!
Think about how crossing over and independent assortment (during Meiosis) can make new genetic combinations by mixing maternal and paternal genetic material on each chromatid

What causes variations?

2. Random Mutations
Change in the nucleotide base sequence (ATCG) of a DNA molecule - Mutations are random and unpredictable. They can be due to random error in transcription/translation or caused by a mutagen (UV light, X rays, cigarette smoke, some chemicals).
- Mutations are important sources of new genes
- Mutations in body cells cannot be passed on, but ONLY mutations in sex cells (sperm & egg) can be passed on. Mutations in sex cells are the basis of evolutionary changes
- Most mutations are harmful, but a few can be beneficial and could lead to a new species

Table Talk

On your whiteboards, come up with an answer to the following:

Why must the cause of variations occur in gametes/sex cells to pass onto offspring?

SOME IMPORTANT CONTEXT

Acquired Traits/Characteristics are NOT a source of genetic variation (Sorry Lamark) because they are developed in body (somatic) cells and are not based on genetics.

The environment does NOT induce adaptation.

Individuals BORN with advantageous phenotypes SURVIVE TO REPRODUCE.

Why do we care?

If environmental conditions change, organisms that have become adapted to those conditions may die! Genetic diversity or variations of organisms allows the species to survive. Once diversity is lost it is impossible to get it back