Volcanoes Part 1

Multiple Choice

What is the main difference between magma and lava?

• Magma is found within the Earth, while lava is found on the surface.

• Magma is cooler than lava.

• Lava contains more gas than magma.

• Lava is only found in the ocean.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following are the main controls on the behavior of magma during an eruption?

• Chemical composition and viscosity

• Temperature and pressure

• Amount of sunlight and rainfall

• Wind speed and humidity

Multiple Choice

Which magma type is characterized by high SiO2 content, high viscosity, and high gas content?

• Basaltic

• Andesitic

• Rhyolitic

• Ultramafic

Open Ended

Explain how viscosity affects the amount of gas trapped in magma and the resulting volcanic activity.

Open Ended

How does the composition of magma influence the type of volcano that forms?

Multiple Choice

Which type of lava flow is characterized by a ropelike surface texture due to partial cooling as the lava flowed?

• Pahoehoe

• Aa

• Lava tube

• Pillows

Open Ended

Compare and contrast the characteristics of pahoehoe and aa lava flows based on their surface textures and viscosity.

Multiple Select

Select all features that are associated with high viscosity lava.

• Blocky, rough lava flow

• Ropelike surface texture

• Formation of pillows

• Pushing chunks of solid and semi-solid blocks

Multiple Choice

Which of the following forms when lava flows into water and cools very rapidly, resulting in a bulbous, closed lava tube?

• Pahoehoe

• Aa

• Pillows

• Lava tube

Multiple Choice

Which of the following types of tephra is finer than 2 mm in diameter?

• Ash

• Lapilli

• Blocks

• Bombs

Open Ended

What is the main difference between blocks and bombs as types of volcanic fragments?

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements about tuff is correct?

• Tuff is a deposit made up of ash.

• Tuff is a type of volcanic bomb.

• Tuff is a water-saturated slurry of ash.

• Tuff is a glowing cloud of ash.

Multiple Select

Select all that apply: Which of the following are types of volcanic flows?

• Ash flow

• Lahar

• Welded tuff

• Lapilli

Open Ended

Explain how a nuée ardente differs from an ash fall in terms of movement and potential danger.

Multiple Choice

Which type of volcano is dominated by lava flows and is represented by Mauna Loa, the world’s largest volcano?

• Shield volcano

• Cinder cone

• Stratovolcano

• Caldera

Open Ended

What are the main differences between shield volcanoes, cinder cones, and stratovolcanoes based on their dominant materials and shapes?

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements about shield volcanoes is correct?

• They have low, dome-shaped profiles and are dominated by fluid, low viscosity basaltic magma.

• They are formed mainly from pyroclastic materials and have steep slopes.

• They are a mixture of lavas and pyroclastics, forming tall, layered structures.

• They are always formed underwater.

Open Ended

Explain how calderas form in shield volcanoes and where they are typically located.

Multiple Select

Select all the features that are characteristic of shield volcanoes.

• Low, dome-shaped profile

• Dominated by fluid basaltic magma

• Steep slopes over 30 degrees

• Formed mainly from pyroclastics

Open Ended

After learning about volcanoes, what is one question you still have or something you would like to know more about?

Multiple Choice

What are the main components of a volcano as shown in the diagram?

• Vent, volcanic debris, feeder conduit, magma chamber

• Crater, lava flow, ash cloud, tectonic plate

• Caldera, geyser, fumarole, sill

• Lava tube, dike, sill, batholith