Ch. 17 Gene to Protein pt. 1

Fill in the Blanks

Multiple Choice

The graph shows how enzymes affect reactions in cells. Which statement best summarizes the information shown in the graph?

• Enzymes increase the energy of the reactants.
• Enzymes decrease the energy level of the products.
• Enzyme decrease the activation energy of the reaction.
• Enzymes reverse the direction of the reaction.

Multiple Choice

What are the main steps involved in gene expression as illustrated in the diagram?

• Transcription

• Translation

• RNA Processing

• All of the above

Multiple Choice

The primary transcript is 15 kb long but the mature RNA is only 7 kb long. What explains the difference?

• Mutations in the DNA

• Removal of introns

• Post-translational modifications

• Removal of exons

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements is true about the promoter region?

• It is transcribed into mRNA

• It is a sequence of DNA where transcription factors bind

• It is involved in protein synthesis

• It is a sequence of RNA

Multiple Choice

In eukaryotic cells, transcription cannot begin until

• the two DNA strands have completely separated and exposed the promoter.

• transcription factors have bound to the promoter.

• the 5' caps are removed from the mRNA.

• the DNA introns are removed from the template.

Multiple Choice

The image depicts which level of structure in proteins?

• primary
• secondary
• tertiary
• quaternary

Multiple Choice

What is the evolutionary significance of alternate splicing?

• It increases gene count

• It introduces genetic diversity

• It decreases protein variety

• It has no significance

Multiple Choice

The bottom of the tRNA molecule joins with the mRNA molecule because it has the _________ that complements the _______ on mRNA.

• codon, anticodon

• anticodon, codon

• amino acid, nucleotide

• nucleotide, amino acid

Multiple Choice

What is the role of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase in translation?

• To match tRNA with amino acids

• To synthesize mRNA

• To catalyze peptide bonds

• To transport amino acids

Multiple Choice

What are the three binding sites for tRNA in a ribosome?

• P site

• A site

• E site

• All of the above

Multiple Choice

What are the steps involved in targeting polypeptides to specific locations in a cell?

• Polypeptide synthesis begins

• SRP binds to receptor protein

• Signal-cleaving enzyme cuts off signal peptide

• Completed polypeptide folds into final conformation

Multiple Choice

What is the role of polyribosomes in protein synthesis?

• To transcribe DNA

• To translate mRNA into polypeptides

• To replicate DNA

• To transport amino acids

Multiple Choice

What is the role of reverse transcriptase in retroviruses?

• To convert DNA to RNA

• To convert RNA to DNA

• To assemble new virions

• To integrate viral DNA into host DNA

Multiple Choice

What is a frameshift mutation and how does it affect the reading frame of mRNA?

• It is a type of mutation that does not affect the reading frame

• It is caused by point mutations only

• It alters the reading frame by inserting or deleting nucleotides

• It only occurs in DNA replication

Reorder

Reorder the following steps of Transcription

• RNA polymerase binds to DNA

• DNA unwinds

• RNA polymerase slides along the DNA open strand

• RNA polymerase links complimenting RNA nucleotides

• RNA polymerase stops transcribing and breaks away from the DNA strand

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