This theorist constructed a new educational philosophy, Pansophism. He developed a more humane view of the child.

• Comenius
• Rousseau
• Pestalozzi
• Herbart

This German educator began the kindergarten movement. He believed the kindergarten teacher's personality was of great importance.

• Locke
• Rousseau
• Froebel
• Freire

This theorist believed in Social Darwinism. Schools should compete again each other. Science and physical education were of value.

• Comenius
• Pestalozzi
• Spencer
• Piaget

This theorist raised consciousness about exploitative conditions. The influence on today's schools is critical theory and liberation pedagogy.

• Comenious
• Rousseau
• Dewey
• Freire

This theorist believed in four distinct cognitive stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete-operational, and formal-operational.

• Locke
• Pestalozzi
• Montessori
• Piaget

This theorist recognized the importance of early childhood education. Three major types of activities included practical, sensory, and formal skills.

• Pestalozzi
• Froebel
• Montessori
• Freire

This theorist developed a progressive theory of urban and multicultural education. The theorist is the founder of the Hull-House.

• Herbart
• Addams
• Montessori
• Bloom

This theorist believed in the natural environment. He wrote the book Emile. He identified five developmental stages.

• Rousseau
• Pestalozzi
• Renquist
• Dewey

This theorist believed children should be taught by caring teachers. Through object lessons, students learned about form, number, and names of objects.

• Comenius
• Freire
• Dewey
• Pestalozzi

This theorist believed instruction should occur in a sequence of steps: preparation, presentation, association, generalization, and application.

• Comenius
• Locke
• Pestalozzi
• Herbart