Taxonomy #2

Copper is a micronutrient that can be found in soil. Copper is important for reproductive growth in plants and plays an indirect role in chlorophyll production. Which statement correctly describes the interaction that occurs between the root and the shoot system of plants to allow reproduction to occur?

• Copper is produced in the roots when copper-containing compounds are hydrolyzed.
• Copper that is absorbed by the roots is transported to reproductive tissues by the shoot system.
• The shoot system stores copper for later use by the roots and the reproductive structures.
• The shoot system transports copper to the roots after it is taken in from the stomata in the leaves.

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Plant hormones serve as chemical messengers between cells and tissues. Auxin is a plant hormone that causes the cells on the shady side of a plant shoot to elongate. The response enabled by auxin is known as – 

• Geotropism
• Transpiration
• Phototropism
• Photosynthesis

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Leaves are part of a plant’s shoot system. The xylem tissue in leaves transports – 

• The bacteria needed for nitrogen fixation in root nodules.
• The wax required to coat the surface of actively growing tissue.
• The water and minerals that are absorbed by the roots.
• The oxygen that regulates the rate of carbohydrate production.

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Diatoms are one of the most common types of phytoplankton in marine habitats. Like plants, diatoms contain chlorophyll and produce glucose from which of the following?

• O₂ and ATP
• CO₂ and O₂
• ATP and H₂O
• CO₂ and H₂O

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Structures represented in the illustration below are found in the lower epidermis of a plant leaf. The illustration below shows the response to a certain environmental condition. The response represented in the illustration would most likely be caused by – 

• A reduced supply of oxygen
• Long periods of rainfall
• High concentrations of glucose
• Little available water

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Some students are instructed to put a celery stalk in a red dye solution for a lab activity. First the students carefully cut the bottom of the stalk with a scalpel. Then they put the stalk in the beaker with the solution and place the beaker on a shelf in the lab room. The next day they check the stalk and make observations. The students note that the leaves at the end of the stalk have changed color from green to red. The students cut across the celery stalk and use a hand lens to see that the small tube openings along the edge of the celery stalk are also red. The cross section is shown below. How do the plant systems work together to make this movement of liquid possible?

• The roots absorb water and minerals and move them up to the stem, while the stem moves food produced in the leaves down to the roots in tiny tubes.
• The roots anchor the plant in the soil, and the stem holds the leaves up.
• The roots absorb their own water and minerals, while the stem absorbs its water and minerals through the leaves.
• The roots lose water vapor to the soil, and the stem loses water vapor through the leaves.

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Plants have developed many methods of seed dispersal. The table shows seeds of two different plants. How has seed dispersal method developed by these plants given them a reproductive advantage?

• The method ensures that offspring will be dispersed and reduces competition for resources.
• The method reduces the chance that herbivores will consume the seeds.
• The method lengthens the life cycle of each of these plants.
• The method reduces the plants’ need for water and other nutrients.

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The diagram shows the reproductive system of a plant. Which of the following best describes the interaction that occurs between a plant’s reproductive parts during self-fertilization?

• Pollen is released from the anther and is transferred to the stigma. A pollen tube forms and grows through the style. The pollen tube reaches the filament, where the sperm fertilizes the egg.
• Pollen moves from the ovule up through the style and is released from the stigma. The pollen tube reaches an ovule within the ovary, where the sperm fertilizes the egg.
• Pollen is released from the anther and is transferred to the stigma. A pollen tube forms and grows through the style. The pollen tube reaches an ovule within the ovary, where the sperm fertilizes the egg.
• Pollen is released from the stigma and is transferred to the anther. A pollen tube grows down from the anther through the filament and fuses with the ovule, where the sperm fertilizes the egg.

Some fungi secrete substances that are toxic to bacteria that compete with them for food. Scientists have used their knowledge of this ability of fungi in order to produce which of the following substances?

• Yogurt
• Antibiotics
• Plastic
• Fertilizers

An animal can wound a tree by scratching away the bark. The tree can respond to the wound in many ways. Usually sap quickly covers the wound, and then the tree covers the wound with new growth. The diagram shows a cross section of a tree with a healed wound.  What process worked most directly with the transport system to heal the wound? 

• Cellular reproduction
• Photosynthesis
• Water intake
• Carbohydrate storage