All of the following will increase heart rate except:

• sympathetic stimulation.
• a decrease in carotid blood pressure.
• a decrease in aortic blood pressure.
• stimulation of cold receptors in the skin.

Peripheral resistance is affected primarily by:

• the length of myocardial fibers.
• blood viscosity and the diameter of arterioles.
• the capacity of the blood reservoirs.
• elasticity of the heart.

The cardiovascular center is located in the

• pons
• medulla oblongata
• cerebrum
• cerebelum

Which of the following is not a mechanism that increases blood volume and therefore venous return of blood to the heart?

• Antidiuretic hormone
• Aldosterone
• Atrial natriuretic hormone 
• Renin-angiotensin mechanism

An increase in heart rate tends to increase:

• cardiac output.
• arterial blood volume.
• blood pressure.
• all of the above.

A decrease in total plasma volume results from the _____ mechanism.

• atrial natriuretic hormone
• antidiuretic hormone
•   renin-angiotensin
• aldosterone

Which of the following blood vessels has the largest total cross-sectional area?

• Capillary
• Vena cava 
• Aorta
• Arteriole

Vasomotor control mechanisms influence:

• diameter of capillaries.
• cardiac output. 
• stroke volume.
• diameter of arterioles.

Which of the following is not part of the vasomotor control mechanism?

• The vasoconstrictor center in the medulla
• Sympathetic stimulation of smooth muscles surrounding the resistance vessels 
• Sympathetic stimulation of the heart to increase cardiac output 
• All of the above are part of the vasomotor control mechanism.

The effect of what substance is to increase the total blood volume?
 

• ADH
• Aldosterone 
• ANH
• Both A and C