Ch 12 Education

Why do functionalists distinguish between manifest and latent functions?

• Consequences can be both negative and positive
• Institutions often have unintentional consequences
• Schools often leave some people out.
• Education is not the only social institution.

The “back-to-basics” movement came about because

• many adults thought that students did not have enough freedom in the classroom.
• many adults become concerned that students were not learning important subjects like reading and writing.
• many adults thought that schools were not placing enough emphasis on the arts and athletics
• schools were becoming too bureaucratic.

The rewards that an individual receives in a meritocracy are based primarily on

• the status of the person’s parents.
• the person’s intellectual abilities.
• the person’s race or ethnicity
• competition.

The term Pygmalion effect is sometimes used to describe one way teachers affect student performance. Which of the following is an example of this effect?

• a teacher viewing a member of a minority as inferior
• a student does better because she comes from a middle-class family
•  a student does better because the teacher expects the student to do better
• a student does better because the teacher notices that the student is better behaved in class

Testing and grades do more than monitor students’ comprehension of an academic subject. They also teach students the value of competition. This is an example of 

• meritocracy.
• cognitive ability
• the hidden curriculum.
• educational equality.

Some people believe for-profit schools are a good idea because

• only the “best” schools will survive in the marketplace.
• schools will be more integrated.
• all schools will have the same curricula and standards
• these schools will have to answer to a local school board, which will set high standards.

In some schools, lower income and minority students achieve results that are comparable to those of all other students. This is an example of 

• school desegregation. 
• educational equality.
• cognitive ability.
• multiculturalism.

Why do some people oppose bilingual education in schools?

• They worry that English will no longer be spoken in the United States
• They feel that it hinders the development of a common American identity
•  They are concerned that non-native speakers will fall behind in their grade
• They want English to remain free from other linguistic influences

What is one way commonly used to promote educational equality?

• the hidden curriculum
• desegregation
• intelligence testing
• competition among students

One criticism of formal schooling is that it

• is inefficient.
• fails to produce a standardized curriculum.
•  lacks the flexibility to treat children as individuals.
• is incapable of educating large numbers of children.