Global Independence Movements

(in the Republic of South Africa) a rigid policy of segregation of the nonwhite population.

• Apartheid
• Communism
• Democracy
• Socialism

a domestic identity document carried by black citizens

• Drivers License
• Passport
• Passbook
• Identity Card

In 1930 in order to help free India from British control, Mahatma Gandhi proposed a non-violent march protesting the British Salt Tax, continuing Gandhi's pleas for civil disobedience. The Salt Tax essentially made it illegal to sell or produce salt, allowing a complete British monopoly. Since salt is necessary in everyone's daily diet, everyone in India was affected. The Salt Tax made it illegal for workers to freely collect their own salt from the coasts of India, making them buy salt they couldn't really afford.

• Bus Boycott
• March on Washington
• Passbooks
• Salt March

the refusal to obey certain laws or governmental demands for the purpose of influencing legislation or government policy, characterized by the employment of such nonviolent techniques as boycotting, picketing, and nonpayment of taxes. Compare noncooperation ( ) , passive resistance.

• Civil Disobedience
• Boycott
• Criminal
• Human Right

On 13 April 1919, a crowd of non-violent protesters had gathered in the Jallianwala Bagh garden in Amritsar, India to protest the arrest of two leaders despite a curfew which had been recently declared. On the orders of Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer, the army fired on the crowd for ten minutes, directing their bullets largely towards the few open gates through which people were trying to run out. The dead numbered between 370 and 1,000, or possibly more. This "brutality stunned the entire nation" resulting in a "wrenching loss of faith" of the general public in the intentions of Britain.

• Passbook Protest
• Salt March
• Amritsar massacre
• Civil Disobedience

general term for the modern movement for political unification among the Arab nations of the Middle East

• Pan-Arabism
• Pan-Africanism
• Nationalism
• Pan-Europeism

a worldwide Jewish movement that resulted in the establishment and development of the state of Israel.

• Polytheism
• Palestinian
• Holocaust
• Zionism

born 1918, South African black antiapartheid activist: president of South Africa 1994-99.

• Nelson Mandela
• Gandhi
• Deklerk
• Obama

born 1936, South African political leader: president 1989-94; Nobel peace Prize 1993.

• Obama
• Mandela
• Gandhi
• Deklerk

an Afrikaans-speaking native of South Africa of European, especially Dutch, descent or ancestry.

• Afrikaners
• African
• European
• Boer