Evolution

Some organisms that share a common ancestor have features that have different functions, but similar structures.  These are known as

• vestigial structures
• analogous structures
• homologous structures
• fossil structures

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What is suggested by the similarity of early embryos of different species of vertebrates?

• no evolutionary relationships between the groups
• recent common ancestry
• similar environments in the past
• evolution froma distant common ancestor

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Two organisms that are closely related would have

• very similar DNA sequence
• exactly the same DNA sequences
• no proteins in common
• completely different DNA sequence

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A farmer's use of the best livestock for breeding is an example of

• natural selection
• artificial selection
• extinction
• adaptation

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Which best describes fossils?

• They are the preserved remains or evidence of ancient living things
• They are the preserved remains or evidence of ancient living and nonliving things
• They are the preserved bones of ancient animals
• They are impressions of plant leaves in ancient rocks

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Why don't all living things become fossils?

• because some living things are too small
• because some living things are too big
• because some are subject to catastrophism and others are not
• because environmental conditions have to be just right to prevent decay

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When scientists compare the amino acid sequences for the red blood cell protein hemoglobin between various species, what can they determine about the evolutionary relationship between the species?

• It can be determined how efficient hemoglobin is for different species
• It can provide evidence about the relatedness of the different species: if they are more similar they have a more recent common ancestor.
• It cannot determine relatedness between different species, only individuals of the same species
• It can show which species evolved first

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The Table below shows the # of differences in amino acids in a protein called “Cytochrome C” when comparing humans to other organisms. The protein is used by many plants and animals to convert energy in cells.
List the 4 closest human relatives based on this biochemical comparison.

• chimpanzee, horse, rattlesnake, snapping turtle
• chimpanzee, gorilla, rhesus monkey, horse
• fruit fly, bread mold, tuna fish, snapping turtle
• gorilla, rhesus monkey, rattlesnake, gorilla

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The forelimbs of vertebrates, like the ones pictured here, are similar in terms of number of bones and the orientation of bones. Which best describes how comparing homologous structures provides evidence of evolution?

• The genes for the body plan and forelimb layout were present in a common ancestral species vertebrates share, thus passed onto all vertebrates.
• Similar anatomical structures show how animals adapt to changing environments
• Homologous structures show that different species evolve at different rates
• Homologous structures don’t actually provide evidence for evolution

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What do phylogenic trees do?

• Help you visualize how species are related.
• Provide windbreaks in your yard.
• Provide DNA details.

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