Historical Theorists

He believes that when adults have problems it's because their needs were not met as a child.

• Sigmund Freud

• Jean Rousseau

• Jean Piaget

• Erik Erikson

Believed that development happened in 8 stages and personality develops according to how you respond to a crisis.

• Alfred Binet

• Erik Erikson

• Maria Montessori

• Lev Vygotsky

Stressed that "children learn by using their senses and that they learn best by pursing their interests independently."

• Maria Montesssori

• Jean Rousseau

• Sigmond Freud

• Erik Erikson

Four steps of development- Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete and Formal Operations.

• Sigmund Freud

• Howard Gardner

• Jean Piaget

• Erik Erikson

This theorist’s major contribution was the idea of the Zone of Proximal Development

• Lev Vygotsky

• Erik Erikson

• Jean Piaget

• Johann Pestalozzi

First usable IQ test

• Lev Vygotsky

• B.F. Skinner

• Alfred Binet

• Jean Piaget

This theorist created the modern day kindergarten and created toys to show that children learn through play

• Jean Piaget

• Maria Montessori

• Fredrich Frobel

• B.F. Skinner

Children are born as a blank slate.

• Jean Rousseau

• John Locke

• Fredrich Frobel

• Jean Piaget

Children are born naturally good and people or society corrupts them.

• Jean Rousseau

• Jean Piaget

• Fredrich Frobel

• Sigmund Freud

He does not believe in corporal punishment or teaching by rote memorization.

• Arnold Gesell

• Binet

• Johann Pestalozzi

• B.F. Skinner