Microbiology Immune System/ host defences

occurs when an organism gets access to the tissues underneath the mucous membranes or the skin. e.g. Punctures, injections, bites, cuts, wounds, surgery and split skin or mucous membranes.

• infection route
• pathogenic route
• Parenteral route
• none of these

relationship between normal microbiota and the host.

• parasitism
• symbiosis
• endosymbiotic
• anabolism

Pathogens are limited to a small area of the body.

• Focal infection
• Pathogenic infection
• limited infection
• Local infection

Infectious dose for 50% of the test population;
Number of pathogens required to cause infection in 50% of the test population.

• LD50
• ED50
• ID50
• none of these

refers to damage to host cells during virus invasion; changes caused by viruses.

• cyropractic effects of viruses
• Cytopathic effects of viruses
• Serious effects of viruses
• Bad effects of viruses

is an exotoxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus. It is one of the toxins responsible for staphylococcal food poisoning in humans

• Staphylococcal biotoxin B
• Staphylococcal seriotoxin B
• Staphylococcal bytoxin B
• Staphylococcal enterotoxin B

Part of cell wall of gram negative bacteria; are liberated when cell dies. They are lipids that cause fever, and cannot be neutralized by an antitoxin.

• exotoxin
• endotoxin

which is NOT a characteristic of Skin- first line of defense?

• Skin - dry and constantly shed.;
• Epidermis consists of, tightly packed cells with Keratin, a protective protein.;
• Dermis - inner, thicker portion of connective Dermis - inner, thicker portion of connective tissue;
• All are characteristics

both organisms benefit

• anabolism- symbiosis
• parasitism- symbiosis
• mutualism- symbiosis
• commensurable- symbiosis
  

A change in a body that can be measured or observed as a result of disease.

• actions of infectious disease
• syndrome of infectious disease
• process of infectious disease
• signs of infectious disease