Quiz about Chapter 8 UNIT Test Sustaining Ecosystems & Ecosystem Services

Question 1

What is the primary characteristic of an old-growth forest?

Accepted Answer

It has been undisturbed for 200+ years.

Answer

It is dominated by a single tree species.

Answer

It is regularly harvested for timber.

Answer

It is primarily composed of young trees.

Question 2

What is the main difference between surface fires and crown fires?

Accepted Answer

Surface fires burn undergrowth, while crown fires burn the canopy.

Answer

Surface fires burn only in tropical forests.

Answer

Crown fires are controlled burns.

Answer

Crown fires are beneficial to forest health.

Question 3

Which harvesting method involves removing all trees in an area?

Accepted Answer

Clear-cutting

Answer

Selective cutting

Answer

Strip cutting

Answer

Prescribed burning

Question 4

What is a major consequence of deforestation in tropical regions?

Accepted Answer

Loss of habitat for numerous species

Answer

Increased biodiversity

Answer

Decreased greenhouse gas emissions

Answer

Increased rainfall

Question 5

What is the purpose of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)?

Accepted Answer

To certify sustainable forestry operations.

Answer

To promote clear-cutting practices.

Answer

To suppress all forest fires.

Answer

To encourage deforestation.

Question 6

What is a prescribed burn?

Accepted Answer

A controlled fire to reduce flammable material.

Answer

An uncontrolled wildfire.

Answer

A method of clear-cutting.

Answer

A type of crown fire.

Question 7

According to the text, what percentage of wood consumed in the US is estimated to be wasted?

Accepted Answer

60%

Answer

10%

Answer

30%

Answer

90%

Question 8

What is a "debt-for-nature swap"?

Accepted Answer

A debt relief program in exchange for forest protection.

Answer

A method of clear-cutting forests.

Answer

A trade agreement for timber.

Answer

A program to increase wood waste.

Question 9

What is a second growth forest?

Accepted Answer

a forest that has never been cut.

Answer

a forest that has been replanted with only one type of tree.

Answer

a forest

Question 10

What is a negative impact of tree plantations?

Accepted Answer

They can deplete topsoil nutrients.

Answer

They increase biodiversity.

Answer

They prevent soil erosion.

Answer

They increase water quality.

Question 11

What is a negative impact of road construction in forests?

Accepted Answer

habitat fragmentation.

Answer

increased biodiversity.

Answer

decreased risk of invasive species.

Answer

decreased erosion.

Question 12

What is the main ecological benefit of surface fires?

Accepted Answer

they release nutrients into the soil.

Answer

they destroy all vegetation.

Answer

they increase erosion.

Answer

they increase carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Question 13

What is the environmental impact of using tree free paper?

Accepted Answer

decreases the need to harvest trees.

Answer

increases demand for harvested trees.

Answer

increases the amount of wood waste.

Answer

increases the risk of crown fires.

Question 14

What is the primary reason that people in developing nations move into tropical forests?

Accepted Answer

to find firewood and farming land.

Answer

to create tree plantations.

Answer

to establish national parks.

Answer

to study new species.

Question 15

Clearcutting is

Accepted Answer

A timber harvesting practice where all of the trees in a given area are harvested at the same time.

Answer

A timber harvesting practice where all trees larger than 20 feet tall are cut harvested.

Answer

When logging companies plant new saplings in an area bigger than 1 hectare.

Answer

When forestry services clear out the underbrush in a given area.

Question 16

What is the benefit of strip cutting?

Accepted Answer

It allows for natural regrowth before adjacent strips are cut.

Answer

It removes all trees at once.

Answer

It increases erosion.

Answer

It is the least expensive method of tree removal.

Question 17

What is the approximate percentage of Earth's landmass covered by grasslands?

Accepted Answer

25%

Answer

10%

Answer

50%

Answer

75%

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT an ecosystem service provided by grasslands?

Accepted Answer

Timber production

Answer

Soil formation

Answer

Erosion control

Answer

Nutrient cycling

Question 19

What is the primary consequence of overgrazing?

Accepted Answer

Soil erosion and compaction

Answer

Increased biodiversity

Answer

Improved soil water retention

Answer

Enhanced plant growth

Question 20

What is rotational grazing?

Accepted Answer

Using temporary fencing to move livestock between areas.

Answer

Grazing livestock in a single area continuously.

Answer

Eliminating grazing entirely.

Answer

Using herbicides to control plant growth.

Question 21

What is a method that can be used to prevent overgrazing within sensitive riparian zones?

Accepted Answer

rotational grazing.

Answer

increased herd sizes.

Answer

clear cutting of vegetation.

Answer

increased use of herbicides.

Question 22

Which of the following is a method used to protect rangelands from development?

Accepted Answer

Conservation easements and zoning regulations.

Answer

Increased urban sprawl.

Answer

Encouraging overgrazing.

Answer

Eliminating all livestock grazing.

Question 23

What is a cost effective alternative to herbicides for controlling unwanted plant species in a rangeland?

Accepted Answer

Controlled trampling by livestock.

Answer

Increasing the use of chemical fertilizers.

Answer

Allowing invasive plant species to grow unchecked.

Answer

Removing all livestock from the area.

Question 24

What is a major challenge faced by national parks in developing countries?

Accepted Answer

Illegal logging, mining, and poaching.

Answer

Overcrowding by tourists.

Answer

Lack of biodiversity.

Answer

Excessive funding.

Question 25

What was the impact of the reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone National Park?

Accepted Answer

Restoration of ecological balance.

Answer

Increased elk populations.

Answer

Decreased scavenger populations.

Answer

Increased soil erosion.

Question 26

What is a keystone species?

Accepted Answer

A species that has a disproportionately large effect on its environment relative to its abundance.

Answer

A species that is always invasive.

Answer

A species that only exists in national parks.

Answer

A species that is always endangered.

Question 27

What percentage of Earth's land do conservation biologists recommend should be protected?

Accepted Answer

20%

Answer

5%

Answer

13%

Answer

50%

Question 28

What is the purpose of a buffer zone in a nature reserve?

Accepted Answer

To provide an area for sustainable resource use by local people.

Answer

To allow for unrestricted development.

Answer

To increase poaching activities.

Answer

To eliminate all human presence.

Question 29

What is a "megareserve" system, as implemented in Costa Rica?

Accepted Answer

A system combining park cores with buffer zones.

Answer

A system that only protects urban areas.

Answer

A system that removes all local people from protected areas.

Answer

A system that encourages mining in national parks.

Question 30

What is the purpose of wilderness areas?

Accepted Answer

To protect undeveloped land from human exploitation.

Answer

To promote resource exploitation.

Answer

To encourage urban development.

Answer

To increase logging activities.

Question 31

What negative effect did the removal of the wolf have on Yellowstone national park?

Accepted Answer

An increase in the elk population.

Answer

A decrease in the deer population.

Answer

A decrease in soil erosion.

Answer

An increase in the beaver population.

Question 32

What is a positive effect of the return of the wolves to Yellowstone national park?

Accepted Answer

normalization of the coyote population.

Answer

decrease in vegetation.

Answer

decrease in scavenger population.

Answer

increase in soil erosion.

Question 33

What is a challenge that US national parks face?

Accepted Answer

damage from off-road vehicles.

Answer

decreased popularity.

Answer

lack of invasive species.

Answer

lack of surrounding development.

Question 34

What is the primary focus of the ecosystem approach?

Accepted Answer

Protecting threatened habitats and their ecosystem services.

Answer

Exploiting natural resources.

Answer

Promoting urban development.

Answer

Increasing industrial pollution.

Question 35

What are biodiversity hotspots characterized by?

Accepted Answer

High levels of endemic species and significant habitat loss.

Answer

Low levels of endemic species and minimal habitat loss.

Answer

Uniform distribution of species and stable habitats.

Answer

High levels of invasive species.

Question 36

What percentage of original habitat must a region have lost to be considered a biodiversity hotspot?

Accepted Answer

70%

Answer

20%

Answer

50%

Answer

90%

Question 37

What is the main consequence of degrading ecosystem services?

Accepted Answer

Threats to human well-being.

Answer

Increased biodiversity.

Answer

Enhanced economic growth.

Answer

Stable climate patterns.

Question 38

What is the primary goal of ecological restoration?

Accepted Answer

To return ecosystems to a near-original state.

Answer

To create new industrial zones.

Answer

To introduce more invasive species.

Answer

To maximize resource extraction.

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT a step in the four-step restoration strategy?

Accepted Answer

Introduce new non-native species.

Answer

Identify the causes of degradation.

Answer

Reintroduce key species.

Answer

Protect from further damage.

Question 40

What is reconciliation ecology?

Accepted Answer

Finding ways for humans to share ecosystems with other species.

Answer

A method of clear-cutting forests.

Answer

A strategy to eliminate all human impact on nature.

Answer

A plan to increase urban sprawl.

Question 41

What is a benefit of reconciliation ecology?

Accepted Answer

Conservation of biodiversity in human-dominated landscapes.

Answer

Increased pollution.

Answer

Reduced economic benefits.

Answer

Elimination of ecosystem services.

Question 42

What is an example of reconciliation ecology?

Accepted Answer

Creating pollinator gardens.

Answer

Increased pesticide use.

Answer

Expanding mining operations.

Answer

Eliminating all wildlife habitats.

Question 43

What is a "life raft" ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

an ecosystem with high poverty and dependence on ecosystem services.

Answer

an ecosystem that is completely devoid of life.

Answer

an ecosystem that is only found in aquatic environments.

Answer

an ecosystem that is completely man made.

Question 44

What is the goal of protecting ecosystem services?

Accepted Answer

to protect both human communities and the ecosystems they depend on.

Answer

to only protect the ecosystem.

Answer

to only protect the human population.

Answer

to destroy any ecosystem that humans depend on.

Question 45

How does ecotourism relate to reconciliation ecology?

Accepted Answer

it promotes sustainable tourism that supports both wildlife conservation and local economies.

Answer

it destroys the ecosystem.

Answer

it increases the use of pesticides.

Answer

it removes all wildlife from the area.

Question 46

What is an important aspect of the ecosystem approach?

Accepted Answer

that it is holistic, considering land, water, and living resources together.

Answer

that it is only focused on terrestrial ecosystems.

Answer

that it is only focused on aquatic ecosystems.

Answer

that it only considers economical impacts.

Question 47

What is a criteria for an area to be considered a biodiversity hotspot?

Accepted Answer

it contains at least 1500 endemic plant species.

Answer

it has gained 70% of its original habitat.

Answer

it has no endemic species.

Answer

it has a very low human population.

Question 48

Why is protecting biodiversity hotspots important?

Accepted Answer

they cover a small portion of earth's land surface but hold a vast majority of global biodiversity.

Answer

they hold a very small portion of global biodiversity.

Answer

they are home to a very small portion of endangered species.

Answer

they have very few endemic species.

Question 49

Which of the following is a major threat to aquatic biodiversity?

Accepted Answer

Overfishing.

Answer

Increased oxygen levels in water.

Answer

Decreased nutrient pollution.

Answer

Reduced human ecological footprint.

Question 50

What is the primary cause of ocean acidification?

Accepted Answer

Increased CO2 in the atmosphere.

Answer

Increased nitrogen runoff.

Answer

Increased freshwater input.

Answer

Increased ocean currents.

Question 51

What is a "dead zone" in aquatic ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

An area devoid of life due to oxygen depletion.

Answer

An area with high biodiversity.

Answer

An area with increased coral growth.

Answer

An area with sustainable fishing practices.

Question 52

What is the largest human-caused disturbance to the biosphere?

Accepted Answer

Trawling.

Answer

Deforestation.

Answer

Industrial pollution.

Answer

Urban development.

Question 53

What is a major consequence of overfishing?

Accepted Answer

Decline in large, commercially valuable species.

Answer

Increased fish populations.

Answer

Improved marine ecosystem services.

Answer

Decreased invasive species.

Question 54

What is the purpose of marine reserves?

Accepted Answer

To fully protect marine ecosystems.

Answer

To allow limited resource extraction.

Answer

To encourage commercial fishing.

Answer

To increase pollution levels.

Question 55

What is a major challenge in protecting marine biodiversity?

Accepted Answer

Oceans viewed as an inexhaustible resource.

Answer

Decreased human impact.

Answer

Increased legal jurisdiction.

Answer

Reduced ecological footprint.

Question 56

What is a key step in the ecosystem approach to protecting aquatic biodiversity?

Accepted Answer

Protecting and restoring lakes and rivers.

Answer

Increasing nutrient pollution.

Answer

Encouraging overfishing.

Answer

Decreasing marine protected areas.

Question 57

What is the "fishprint" concept similar to?

Accepted Answer

Ecological footprint.

Answer

Carbon footprint.

Answer

Water footprint.

Answer

Food footprint.

Question 58

What is a consequence of ocean acidification on shell-building organisms?

Accepted Answer

Slowed shell growth and dissolved shells.

Answer

Increased shell growth.

Answer

Increased shell density.

Answer

No impact on shell formation.

Question 59

What is the cause of dead zones?

Accepted Answer

Excess nutrient pollution.

Answer

Decreased nutrient pollution.

Answer

Increased oxygen levels.

Answer

Increased marine protected areas.

Question 60

What is a strategy to reduce ocean acidification?

Accepted Answer

Increase energy efficiency.

Answer

Increase fossil fuel use.

Answer

Decrease coastal habitat protection.

Answer

Increase CO2 emissions.

Chapter 8 UNIT Test Sustaining Ecosystems & Ecosystem Services

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